Polydactyly is a congenital disease, the incidence of which is higher in males than females, roughly 1.5:1; more right-handed than left-handed, the ratio is 2:1; the incidence of both hands accounts for about 10%. The incidence of polydactyly of the thumb is more frequent, accounting for more than 90% of the total. Currently, it is believed that the earlier the deformity is corrected, the better, starting about 6 months after birth. The period between 6 months and 3 years of age is the time when the basic functions of the hand are established, and a perfect hand function can be expected when the surgery is completed during this period. The use of the surgical microscope in clinical practice can reduce the damage to the tissue. For simple polydactyly, it is better to operate 6 months after birth; for complex polydactyly with severe deformity and tissue defects, surgery such as polydactyly excision, tissue transplantation or displacement, and functional reconstruction should be performed after 1 year of age, and should be reviewed regularly until the developmental arrest period.