Dr. Chris Beyrer from Hopkins University began with a presentation on global trends in HIV prevalence among men who have sex with men. Despite the remarkable success of HIV drug treatment since its inception in 1996, the global situation of new HIV infections among men who have sex with men remains bleak. The biological characteristics of men who have sex with men have led to an increase in HIV prevalence, and studies have confirmed that anal sex leads to 18 times higher HIV transmission rates than vaginal sex, and that the diversity of men who have sex with men roles also leads to higher viral transmission of HIV in men than in men and women. Interventions to address these epidemiological characteristics include condom distribution and pre-exposure prophylaxis as well as aggressive pharmacotherapy. Studies have been officially published in the New York Times and LANCET, confirming that daily adherence to oral medication is effective in reducing the number of new HIV infections.