Hereditary diseases are diseases due to alterations in genetic material, with many types of diseases and a high incidence, and more than 3,000 types of hereditary diseases have been discovered. Genetic diseases can be divided into three major categories: chromosomal diseases and chromosomal syndromes, monogenic diseases and polygenic diseases.1. Genetic diseases with chromosomal abnormalities: trisomy 21, cat-calling syndrome, congenital testicular hypoplasia, etc. 2. Monogenic genetic diseases: familial polycolonic polyps, congenital deafness, albinism, phenylketonuria, staining dry dermatosis, congenital ichthyosis, enteropathic acrodermatitis 3, polygenic genetic diseases are common: asthma, schizophrenia, hypertension, congenital cardiovascular disease, epilepsy, peptic ulcer, spina bifida, etc.