The majority of type 1 diabetes is caused by a combination of immune diseases, genetic factors and environmental factors, such as viral infections, chemical toxins and diet, which activate a series of autoimmune reactions mediated by leukocytes in the body, leading to the destruction of pancreatic beta cells and then to the failure of pancreatic islet cells, which eventually leads to the development of type 1 diabetes. Type 1 diabetes is mainly seen in children and adolescents and requires lifelong insulin injections to maintain life, and there is no cure. The clinical characteristics of congenital diabetes mellitus are early maternal age of onset, gradual decline of pancreatic beta cell function, and a mostly thin body, often accompanied by neurological deafness or other neuromuscular manifestations.