The diagnosis of common precordial disease can usually be made on the basis of history, signs, chest radiographs and electrocardiogram cardiac vectorography. The diagnosis can be further confirmed by performing cardiac catheterization with selective indicator dilution curve determination and selective cardiovascular imaging. M-mode, cross-sectional and pulsed Doppler echocardiography, as well as computerized MRI and X-ray tomographic imaging, are currently considered to be noninvasive tests of great diagnostic value for this disease. The younger the age of onset of the disease and when the characteristic heart murmur was detected, the greater the likelihood of preeclampsia. Family history, prenatal maternal health status and the condition of the child at birth are all informative for diagnosis. In addition, patients with a history of infective endocarditis should be examined for the presence of precordial disease. Hemoptysis in symptoms is often diagnostic as it reflects pulmonary congestion due to massive left-to-right shunts or left heart failure due to aortic and left heart lesions; however, it is also important to note that hemoptysis in the pulmonary ischemic type of precordial disease (e.g., pulmonary orifice stenosis, Farrer’s syndrome, etc.) can also occur after the establishment of collateral circulation between the pulmonary and bronchial vessels. The age of presentation of the purple group is useful in identifying several types of right-to-left shunt precardiac disease. Cyanosis appears from an early age in tetralogy of Fallot, aortic trunk immortality, and complete macrovascular misalignment; it appears later in trisomy of Fallot and Eisenmenger’s syndrome. The occurrence of right heart failure alone without the manifestation of antecedent left heart failure is common in the right heart valve lesion category of precordial disease or in those with pulmonary hypertension, which is rare in other heart diseases (except pulmonary heart disease). The most diagnostic value of the signs is the specific murmur and other heart sound changes that are inherent to the different categories of precordial disease. If this murmur is detected in early childhood, precordial disease is highly likely. Cyanosis with pestle-like fingers (toes) suggests that cyanosis has been present for many years; an enlarged heart with a localized bulge in the chest often suggests that the patient has had an enlarged heart since childhood, and the likelihood of precordial disease is also high. Chest X-ray examination can provide information for the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of the disease by observing the congestion or ischemia of pulmonary vessels, the enlargement of the heart shadow or certain atrial enlargement, the change in the shape of the heart shadow and the special pulsation of the large blood vessels of the heart. Electrocardiogram and cardiac vectorogram can also reflect the hemodynamic changes of the disease to a certain extent, thus helping to diagnose and differentially diagnose the disease. However, it is important to note that different precordial diseases can cause similar radiographic and ECG and cardiac vectorogram changes due to similar hemodynamic changes. Cardiac catheterization, combined with selective indicator dilution curve measurement and selective cardiovascular imaging, can provide a more direct understanding of the pathophysiological and anatomical changes in patients with this disease by measuring the pressure in each heart chamber and analyzing the oxygen content of blood specimens, injecting the indicator into each heart chamber to observe its dilution, and injecting the contrast agent to observe the flow of the contrast agent and the filling of the cardiovascular chambers. It has the value of confirming the diagnosis and differentiating different types of precardiac disease. M-mode echocardiography and two-dimensional echocardiography recorded by the sector scan method can detect the anatomical and physiological activities of the heart, which is sufficient to reflect the anatomical lesions of different types of precardial disease and is a better noninvasive diagnostic method, among which pulsed Doppler plus cross-sectional echocardiography and Doppler color flow imaging have the greatest diagnostic value. Computerized magnetic resonance imaging and X-ray tomography can provide multilevel cross-sectional and sagittal images of the heart from the base to the apex, which can help to understand the anatomical and physiological changes of complex precordial disease, with magnetic resonance tomography having better visualization of soft tissues than X-ray tomography. According to the need for surgical treatment, the diagnosis of precordial disease now requires not only the diagnosis of the nature of the lesion and its location, but also information on the extent and scope of the lesion.