Fetal heart rate monitoring is the abbreviation of fetal heartbeat and fetal contraction graph, which is an essential examination during pregnancy. Fetal heart rate monitor is a graphical record of fetal heart rate curve and contraction pressure waveform for clinical analysis using an electronic fetal heart rate monitor, which is the main test to correctly assess the condition of the fetus in utero. After 12 weeks of gestation, pregnant women who are able to do so can start fetal heart monitoring regularly. Fetal heart rate and the fluctuation of fetal heart rate during contractions can be understood, and the fetal hypoxia can be detected in time, and the intrauterine condition of the fetus can be correctly assessed. It is also an essential test in late pregnancy. In late pregnancy, the pregnant woman’s demand for oxygen increases, and as the gestational weeks increase and the fetus grows, the chances of the umbilical cord being compressed increase and intrauterine distress may occur. Fetal heart monitoring can then detect whether the fetus is in intrauterine hypoxia in time to make the most accurate judgment and give timely symptomatic treatment. In addition, during labor, fetal heart monitoring can observe whether the fetus is hypoxic during uterine contractions and make timely judgments, which can be improved by measures such as oxygen or changing the position to reduce neonatal asphyxia and mortality. Therefore, fetal heart monitoring is the most direct, non-invasive and painless way to know the condition of the fetus in the uterus. During pregnancy, pregnant women must perfect their pregnancy checkups, find abnormalities and seek medical attention in time.