The medical judgment of “short stature” is measured by the height reference value of normal children. In China, a national survey on the growth and development of normal children and adolescents is conducted about once every 10 years, and the information obtained is collated by medical statistics. In terms of height, the average and individual percentile values are calculated for each group, grouped by age and gender; in medical terms, height below the 3rd percentile is called short stature. For example, the average height of a 10-year-old boy is 138.7 cm (50th percentile); if it is below 126.8 cm (3rd percentile), it is considered short stature. For parents, if their child’s height is significantly lower than that of children of the same age and gender, or if the annual growth rate is less than 4-5 cm, they should go to the pediatric growth and development clinic of a regular hospital for consultation and relevant examinations. The examination items include family history and growth history, general physical examination, bone age (left wrist, palm and finger bones) and pterygoid saddle X-ray, thyroid function, growth hormone, chromosome examination and other special examinations to determine the growth and development status, pituitary endocrine function and the presence of other diseases. For those whose height is low but still within the normal range, special interventions are mostly not advocated, but only adjustment of nutritional dietary structure, proper supplementation of vitamins and trace elements, strengthening of exercise, improvement of sleep, as well as treatment of underlying diseases, and attention to monitoring growth rate. The effect of treatment can vary depending on the primary disease, the time of initiation, and the dosage applied. Generally speaking, the earlier the start of treatment and the higher the dose within a certain range, the better the treatment effect. Children with precocious puberty may also be treated with growth hormone in combination with drugs to inhibit sexual development and skeletal maturation to promote height growth on a case-by-case basis. Growth hormone has been widely used by nearly 100,000 children, and significant side effects are rare. Some children may experience localized redness and swelling after injection, and very few children experience headache, edema and arthralgia, which usually disappear when the dose is reduced or the drug is temporarily discontinued. There is no evidence of an increased risk of leukemia, recurrence of intracranial tumors, femoral head slippage, or diabetes after long-term growth hormone therapy. It should be noted, however, that growth hormone is a therapeutic drug and is costly for long-term use and must be used under the strict guidance and monitoring of a specialist.