Sore throat and swollen gums can be caused by acute pharyngitis, acute tonsillitis and periodontitis. 1. Acute pharyngitis: mainly refers to viral or bacterial infection leading to acute inflammation of the mucous membrane of the throat and the surrounding tissues, the main clinical manifestations of dry and itchy throat, sore throat, etc., the inflammatory reaction may also spread to the surrounding tissues, which may be combined with swollen gums at the same time. It is necessary to give anti-infection and other symptomatic treatment. 2. Acute tonsillitis: mainly refers to acute inflammation of the tonsils caused by bacterial infection, and its main clinical manifestations include fever, sore throat, and difficulty in swallowing. In severe cases, purulent tonsillitis or peritonsillar abscesses may form, leading to difficulty in opening the mouth, swollen and painful gums and other symptoms. It is necessary to give anti-infection treatment or abscess incision and drainage. 3. Periodontitis: it is an inflammation of the soft tissues around the teeth, which is mainly related to bacterial invasion, with clinical manifestations such as severe pain in the affected area, restriction of mouth opening, fever, etc., which needs to be treated by a dental specialist. It is recommended that people with related conditions should go to the hospital respiratory medicine or dentistry in order to clarify the diagnosis, so as to carry out targeted treatment.