Overview of urinary tract infections Urinary tract infections are caused by direct invasion by bacteria (and rarely by fungi, protozoa, and viruses). Urinary tract infections are divided into upper and lower urinary tract infections. Upper urinary tract infections refer to pyelonephritis and lower urinary tract infections include urethritis and cystitis. Pyelonephritis is divided into acute pyelonephritis and chronic pyelonephritis. It is more common in women.
Causes of urinary tract infections
Urinary tract infections are caused by direct invasion by bacteria (rarely by fungi, protozoa, and viruses).
Symptoms of urinary tract infection
I. Acute pyelonephritis
1. rapid onset of disease.
2. chills and chills.
3, fever.
4, general malaise, headache, weakness.
5, loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting.
6.Urinary frequency, urgency, painful urination.
7.Lumbar pain, discomfort in the kidney area.
8, upper ureteral point pressure pain.
9.pressure pain at the rib and lumbar points.
10, percussion pain in the kidney area.
11, pressure pain in the bladder area.
Chronic pyelonephritis
1. the manifestations during acute attacks can be the same as those of acute pyelonephritis, but are usually much milder, even without systemic manifestations such as fever, general malaise, headache, and other symptoms such as urinary frequency, urinary urgency, and urinary pain.
2, edema.
3. hypertension.
3. bladder and urethritis: frequent urination, urinary urgency, painful urination, and pain in the bladder area. Urethral discharge.
What tests are needed for urinary tract infection
1. pressure pain at the rib and waist points, percussion pain in the kidney area.
2, routine urine examination, leukocytosis, pus urine in urine.
3, staining of urine sediment smear to find bacteria.
4, urine bacterial culture to find bacteria.
5, urine colony count >5th power of 10/ml, with symptoms such as frequent urination, >2nd power of 10/ml also has significance; coccus 3rd power of 10 – 4th power of 10/ml also has diagnostic significance.
6, one-hour urine sediment count leukocytes > 200,000.
7, blood count shows elevated leukocytes and left shift of neutrophil nuclei.
8, increased blood sedimentation; urinary tract infection.
Treatment
1, symptomatic supportive treatment.
2.Treatment against pathogens (cefazolin sodium, norfloxacin).
3.Maintain water-electrolyte balance.
4.All patients should be encouraged to drink more water. Patients who drink less water should be given infusion to ensure the daily urine volume is above 2000ml.
5.Some patients can take Chinese medicine together.
Urinary tract infection expert tips
Urinary tract infections, mostly seen in women of childbearing age, it is important to pay attention to the cleanliness and hygiene of the vulva. Urinary tract infections mostly have certain causative factors, so patients should be carefully checked for urinary stones, kidney or ureteral malformations, and other conditions. In addition to medication, it is also important to drink more water and keep the daily urine volume above 2000ml, which plays the role of urinary tract flushing, for the treatment of urinary tract infection. In addition, gonococcal urethritis is also common nowadays, and if there is any, it should be treated as gonorrhea first. A lot of clinical experience has been accumulated in the application of Chinese herbal medicine for the treatment of urinary tract infections, which can be applied such as Banlangen, Di Ding, Fructus, Plantain, etc. that clear heat and detoxify the body, in addition, attention should be paid to strengthening nutrition and enhancing physical fitness.
Lower urinary tract infection
Bacterial inflammation of the bladder and urethra, collectively known as lower urinary tract infections, the common causative agents are Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus, most of which are secondary and more common in women. Common causative factors include urethral obstruction, inflammation of adjacent organs, bladder or urethral instrumentation, trauma, masturbation, etc.
(1) Clinical manifestations
The main manifestations of lower urinary tract infection are: rapid onset, frequent urination, urgent urination, painful urination, or mucus discharge. The urine is examined for pus cells and a few red blood cells.
(2) Treatment
Including.
① Enhance the body resistance, treat the primary lesion and eliminate the clotting factors.
(② Drink more water, hot water fall out or 1:50,000 potassium permanganate solution sitz bath.
③ anti-infection: can be used to increase the effectiveness of the joint sulfur 1 gram, twice a day, gentamicin tablets 80,000 units, 3 times a day, norfloxacin 0, 2 grams, 3 times a day, serious cases can be intravenous injection of ampicillin 2-4 grams or butylamine kanamycin 0, 4-0, 6 grams.
④ For obvious symptoms of urethral irritation, appropriate amount of antispasmodic and analgesic drugs, such as scopolamine 5-10 mg orally 3 times a day, or atropine tablets 0,3-0,6 mg 3 times a day.
Why women are prone to urinary tract infections
Urinary tract infection is a disease in which bacteria enter the urinary system to grow and multiply, leading to the occurrence of inflammation. Various surveys have shown that among adults, women suffer from urinary tract infections significantly more than men. Why is this the case? What can be done to prevent the various causes of the disease? This is a matter of great concern to many people, especially women. Here is a point by point analysis, hope to help readers.
First, the special nature of the structure of the female genitourinary system, women’s urethra is shorter and more relaxed than men, bacteria are easy to enter. Therefore, women should increase their awareness of self-protection.
The urethra of women is adjacent to the vagina and anus, while the urethra of men is far from the perineum and there is a “space distance”, so it is not easy to suffer from urinary tract infections. The urethra of women is close to the vagina and the anus, and there are a lot of bacteria around the vagina and the anus, and the vaginal secretions are a better medium, so it is easier for bacteria to multiply. Therefore, the way to prevent urinary tract infections in women is to wash regularly to minimize the number of bacteria. In order to reduce the chances of morbidity.
Third, menstruation and sexual activity, menstrual blood is the best medium for bacteria, menstrual hygiene, especially the cleaning and disinfection of menstrual products, is an important part of reducing bacterial invasion. Sexual activity can push bacteria from the anterior urethra into the posterior urethra and bladder through mechanical pushing action. There are clinical cases that have developed after intercourse that illustrate this point. Sexual activity is an important part of a couple’s life, and it is certainly not possible to “choke on it”, but in the case of recurrent illness and the cause of the disease and sexual activity, appropriate abstinence is also desirable. It is more important to take the following measures: drink a glass of boiled water before intercourse, the purpose is to increase the amount of urine; after intercourse on the toilet to urinate, the sexual action and advance to the bacteria, before it invades the mucous membrane tissue flushing, discharge out of the body, if these two methods still can not eliminate the occurrence of urinary tract infection, can take antibacterial drugs once after intercourse (specific drugs and doses directed by the doctor), the prevention effect sulking ideal, and side effects Also very small.
Fourth, when pregnant, the enlarged uterus will press the bladder and ureter, and endocrine changes also slow down ureteral diastole and peristalsis, making the urine flow slow or forming a mild effusion. This condition also facilitates the invasion and multiplication of bacteria that cause disease. Some people used to use antibacterial drugs for prevention, but this method is not advisable. This is because the abuse of antibacterial drugs may have some negative effects on the mother and fetus, not to mention the long pregnancy, which can be preventable. The author believes that the safe method is to observe closely and check the urine regularly, and to treat it as soon as it is found.
Five, hold urine. This is a common bad habit for women. It will cause two adverse consequences. First, urine stays in the bladder for a long time, so in case a small amount of bacteria invade, it will have more time to reproduce and invade the tissue; second, the bladder is full, the pressure increases, and urine will flow backwards up to the ureter, and if bacteria have invaded, they will be sent to a more upstream location, causing pyelonephritis. The solution, of course, is not to hold your urine, and you should even get into the good habit of “diligently” urinating.