Schizophrenia is a group of serious mental illnesses, and although modern scientific developments have provided some effective treatments for schizophrenia, once it develops, patients often need to receive long-term treatment, and some patients with poor treatment outcomes may develop chronic mental decline, leading to impairment of social functioning and thus imposing a greater burden on families and society. Therefore, how to prevent the occurrence of schizophrenia is currently an important topic in the scientific research of mental health. Because the causes of schizophrenia are complex and involve biological, psychological and social factors, the current prevention of schizophrenia onset is a heavy task and involves more problems, which brings many difficulties to the prevention of schizophrenia onset. Schizophrenia is a group of diseases with genetic traits, and research studies have shown that relatives of schizophrenia patients have a higher likelihood of developing the disease, and often the closer the person is to the patient’s blood, the more likely he or she is to develop the disease. In particular, first-degree relatives of patients, i.e., the patient’s parents, children, and siblings, have a greater chance of developing the disease. Studies have confirmed that the prevalence rate of first-degree relatives of schizophrenia patients is about 6%, much higher than that of the general population (6 per 1,000), and thus this group is called a high-risk group, and the focus of schizophrenia prevention efforts in recent years has been mainly on this group. However, although the first-degree relatives of patients belong to the high-risk group, not all first-degree relatives of patients will develop the disease, and those who develop the disease still only account for a minority. At the same time, for those who are at a higher risk of developing the disease in the future, knowing their riskiness in advance, being proactive in dealing with it, and seeking expert help may prevent future attacks. Because of the complexity of the factors affecting the onset of the disease in a patient’s first-degree relatives, there are more elements involved in testing for possible risk of onset, including the following: 1. Genetic and molecular biological aspects: Modern science has found that the occurrence of schizophrenia may be related to some “micro-effects” of genetic alterations, so-called The so-called “micro-effect” means that the changes in these genes themselves do not directly lead to the occurrence of the disease, and their role in the development of the disease is very small, but changes in multiple of these genes may lead to abnormalities in the proteins they produce, and abnormal changes in the morphology and function of the brain may occur during the development of the individual, thus forming the basis for its future development. 2. Brain imaging: mental activity is the functional embodiment of the human brain, and only an intact brain structure and functional basis can lead to normal mental activity. modern brain imaging technology helps us understand human brain function. Studies have found that patients with schizophrenia have morphological and functional brain alterations, such as abnormalities in brain regions such as the frontal lobe, temporal lobe and limbic system, and that such alterations exist before the onset of the patient.3. Cognitive function: cognitive function is a response to an individual’s ability to recognize external things and themselves, and plays an important role in an individual’s social competence. Studies have confirmed that patients with schizophrenia have extensive cognitive impairments, such as deficits in attention, memory, executive function, language ability, and social cognitive ability, which exist prior to the onset of the patient. A poor upbringing, such as childhood abuse and psychological trauma, disharmony among family members and lack of parental care at an early age, may cause abnormalities in the psychological development of the individual since childhood, making the individual prone to mental illness when stimulated in adulthood. In addition, problems during maternity and childbirth, trauma and poisoning to the brain, bad habits, and major life events may also constitute important factors for individuals to suffer from schizophrenia.5. Psychological traits: Healthy psychological traits are an important basis for individuals to maintain their mental health, such as the individual’s resistance to sudden mental stimuli, tolerance to chronic mental stimuli, the inherent The ability to resist sudden mental stimuli, the ability to tolerate chronic mental stimuli, the inner rhythm of mental activities, the concentration of mental activities, the ability to recover from traumatic stimuli, the autonomy and control of mental activities, and the ability to adapt to interpersonal and social interactions are all important predictors of the possibility of psychological and mental illness. Studies have shown that individuals with mental illness often already exhibit such reduced levels of mental health prior to their onset, and these abnormal psychological traits may form the basis for individuals developing schizophrenia. Although a definitive predictive diagnosis of schizophrenia onset cannot be made at this time, a comprehensive assessment of first-degree relatives of individuals with schizophrenia, as described above, is useful to understand the level of risk for onset in those at high risk. As for those at high risk, they can receive targeted counseling and assistance from psychological and mental health professionals, enabling them to properly deal with various stresses and difficulties in real life, thus reducing the likelihood of psychiatric morbidity. Studies have confirmed that early detection and early intervention for those first-degree relatives of schizophrenia patients who are at high risk of developing schizophrenia can effectively reduce the risk of morbidity. China attaches great importance to early warning and prevention of schizophrenia onset, and has invested a lot of human and material resources. Currently, under the leadership of Professor Zhao Jingping of the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, more than fifty medical units nationwide are participating in a nationwide early warning assessment of the risk of schizophrenia onset. Those being assessed are mainly first-degree relatives of schizophrenia patients, who receive the assessment free of charge and are carried out by mental health professionals, while psychological and mental health counseling and assistance are provided. The development and promotion of this work will contribute to early warning of the onset of schizophrenia, to early prevention and intervention in high-risk groups, and to reducing the onset of schizophrenia.