There are many types of congenital heart disease, all of which can have different degrees of impact on heart function and lung function and can be life-threatening in serious cases. The conditions requiring emergency treatment include the following: (1) Some special complex congenital heart diseases should be operated on as soon as they are detected and diagnosed after birth, otherwise the best chance for radical surgery will be lost, such as: transposition of the great arteries with intact ventricular septum, aortic arch dissection, left heart dysplasia syndrome, etc. (2) Some congenital heart diseases may lead to rapid development of heart failure and severe pulmonary hypertension in children, which require early surgical treatment, such as: complete pulmonary vein ectopic drainage, aortic constriction with ventricular septal defect, permanent arterial trunk, and giant unrestricted ventricular septal defect. (3) Some cyanotic congenital heart diseases may cause frequent episodes of hypoxia or continuous aggravation of cyanosis and hypoxia, which are life-threatening and require emergency treatment: severe tetralogy of Fallot, pulmonary atresia (ventricular septal intact type), tricuspid atresia, etc.