Uterine leiomyoma is a benign tumor originating from the uterus and is a hormone-related tumor, mostly seen in women aged 30–50 years old, and can be solitary or multiple. According to the growth site of fibroids, they can be divided into uterine body fibroids, broad ligament fibroids, and cervical fibroids; uterine body fibroids can be divided into interstitial fibroids, subplasma fibroids, and submucosal fibroids according to their relationship with the myometrium. The clinical manifestations of uterine fibroids vary greatly depending on their location, size and number, among which the location of fibroids is most closely related to their clinical manifestations. Subplasma fibroids have no obvious symptoms and are often detected during physical examination; interstitial and submucosal fibroids often have abnormal uterine bleeding; larger fibroids often show pelvic masses and pressure symptoms, such as frequent urination and constipation; some patients have combined infertility, increased leucorrhea and anemia, etc. The treatment methods for fibroids include follow-up observation, medication, and surgery. Among them, myoma removal or hysterectomy is the most effective treatment method. In clinical practice, the most suitable individualized treatment plan is often chosen according to the patient’s age, fertility requirements, fibroid site, size and number of fibroids, psychological factors, education level, economic status, follow-up conditions and other specific considerations.