Ovarian cancer, a collective term for ovarian malignant tumors, is one of the three major malignant tumors in gynecology, together with cervical cancer and endometrial cancer. The most common is ovarian epithelial carcinoma, accounting for 85-90% of cases, mostly seen in middle-aged and elderly women, such as plasmacytoma cysticum (75% of epithelial carcinoma), mucinous cysticoma (20% of epithelial carcinoma), and ovarian endometrioid carcinoma (2% of epithelial carcinoma). The etiology of ovarian cancer is unknown. In the past, it was thought that tumors originated from the germinating epithelium on the ovarian surface, which was derived from the primitive corpora cavernosa epithelium and had the potential to differentiate into various müllerian epithelium, differentiating toward the fallopian tube epithelium to form plasmacytic tumors, such as plasmacytic cystic adenocarcinoma; differentiating toward the cervical mucosa to form mucinous tumors, such as mucinous cystic adenocarcinoma; and differentiating toward the endometrium to form endometrioid tumors, such as ovarian endometrioid carcinoma. However, in recent years, the above classical theory has been questioned. The hypothesis of continuous ovulation has been proposed: continuous ovulation causes continuous damage and repair of the ovarian surface epithelium, and during the repair process, genetic mutations may occur on the ovarian surface and in the inclusions of cystic epithelial cells, thus inducing ovarian cancer. 5-10% of ovarian epithelial cancers have a family history or genetic history, and most hereditary ovarian cancers are associated with BRCA1 and BRCA2 gene mutations, and with hereditary non-polyposis The majority of hereditary ovarian cancers are associated with BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations and are associated with hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer syndrome. Clinically, because the ovaries are located deep in the pelvis, early lesions are not easily detected, and there is a lack of ovarian cancer screening programs with high sensitivity and specificity. In families with hereditary ovarian cancer syndrome (HOCS), prophylactic oophorectomy is currently feasible to reduce the incidence of ovarian cancer.