Hyperinflation of the superficial temporal artery is a painful nodule with a reddened surface or a nodule-like artery that is sometimes palpable locally in the presence of painful giant cell arteritis. Giant cell arteritis, also known as temporal arteritis. So, what are the causes of hyperemic superficial temporal artery? The biggest risk factor for developing bulky superficial temporal artery is advanced age. The disease never occurs before age 50, and its incidence steadily increases after age 50. Ethnicity, geography and race are also important factors, with the highest incidence seen in Scandinavians and in the United States among people of Scandinavian immigrant descent. There is also a genetic susceptibility to the development of bulky superficial temporal arteries, and recent studies have confirmed that bulky superficial temporal arteries are genetically linked to the human leukocyte antigen class II region. A survey of familial incidence found that the incidence was higher in first-degree relatives of patients with bulky superficial temporal artery, and most had HLA-DR4 and CW3, suggesting a genetic susceptibility. In addition, there are environmental risk factors for the development of violent superficial temporal artery, as well as gender and health status. The response of violently distended superficial temporal arteries is focused on the intra-arterial elastic membrane, which may be associated with some of these autoantigens. Immunohistochemical studies have also revealed immunoglobulin deposition within the inflamed temporal artery wall, infiltrating inflammatory cells dominated by TH cells, and lymphocytes from the patient’s peripheral blood were sensitive to human arterial and myoantigens in the test tube.