Pediatric AdenoidalHypertrophy is a common disease in children, often causing sleep snoring, nasal congestion, runny nose, dyspnea, otitis media, and hearing loss. Because of its insidious location, it is often overlooked. To further improve the understanding of this disease, the following is a review of the relevant issues. Etiology: There are many kinds of bacteria in the adenoids of normal children, but they do not usually develop. When the temperature changes, the child malnutrition, body resistance, cold stimulation caused by upper respiratory tract infections, acute infectious diseases, acute adenoiditis, can make the adenoids hypertrophy. Chronic rhinitis, sinusitis, nasal secretions backflow stimulation adenoid hypertrophy, and adenoid hypertrophy impede the ventilation and drainage of the nasal cavity and sinuses, rhinitis or sinusitis is not easy to cure, the two are causal, vicious circle; air pollution, metabolic reactions can also make adenoid hypertrophy. Clinical manifestations: Children with adenoid hypertrophy blocking the posterior nostril and the pharyngeal orifice of the eustachian tube, otorhinopharyngeal and other symptoms can occur. The symptoms are open mouth breathing during sleep, backward tongue root often snoring, restless sleep at night, nasal secretions, occlusive nasal sounds when speaking, and slurred speech. Because of long-term open-mouth breathing, the facial bone development is impaired, the maxilla becomes longer, the hard palate is high arched, the teeth are uneven, the upper incisors are exposed, the lips are thick, the face lacks expression, and there is dementia, forming an “adenoid face”. The ataxic movement between swallowing and breathing is dysfunctional, and choking and coughing often occur. The downward flow of secretions irritates the mucous membrane of the respiratory tract and makes it easy to suffer from bronchitis. Non-suppurative otitis media caused by obstruction of the eustachian tube leads to hearing loss, tympanic membrane invagination or middle ear effusion. Due to long-term oxygen deprivation, it may even lead to pulmonary heart disease. Local symptoms: 1. Ear symptoms: obstruction of the pharyngeal orifice of the eustachian tube will be complicated by secretory otitis media, leading to hearing loss and tinnitus, and sometimes purulent otitis media; 2. Nasal symptoms: often complicated by rhinitis and sinusitis, with symptoms such as nasal congestion and runny nose; 3. Throat and lower respiratory tract symptoms: secretions irritate the respiratory mucosa, often causing paroxysmal coughing, and concurrent bronchitis; 4. Long-term open-mouth breathing affects the development of facial bones, the maxilla becomes longer, the palate is elevated, the teeth are not aligned, the upper incisors are prominent, the lips are thick, lack of expression, the so-called “adenoid face”, the posterior wall of the pharynx is attached to purulent secretions, the hard palate is high and narrow, often accompanied by tonsillar hypertrophy, anterior rhinoscopy, the nasopharynx can be seen as a red bulge On palpation, a soft lymphoid mass can be found in the posterior wall of the top of the nasopharynx, which does not bleed easily. Systemic symptoms: The main chronic toxicity and reflex neurological symptoms are malnutrition, slow reflection, inattention, night terrors, teeth grinding, and urination. Diagnosis: Based on the medical history, the diagnosis can be made by applying nasal endoscopy or fiberoptic nasopharyngoscopy for cooperative children, and lateral nasopharyngeal X-ray, nasopharyngeal CT or MR scan for uncooperative children, which can clearly show the degree of adenoid enlargement and airway obstruction under natural contrast in the nasopharynx.