Usually, thyroid puncture surgery is a minimally invasive examination technique, which is an examination operation for suspected malignant tumor of the thyroid gland, and pathological examination is carried out after puncture to make a clear diagnosis. In clinical work, when encountering large nodules in the thyroid gland, or the phenomenon of enlargement and increase in a short period of time, we usually have to consider the possibility of malignant tumors of the thyroid gland, and need to carry out thyroid puncture surgery to obtain a clear diagnosis of pathology. The procedure is usually as follows: Verify the patient’s information, verify the information of the nodule; the patient is placed in supine position, with the neck elevated and over-extended; the neck is routinely disinfected, and a sterile towel is laid; the ultrasound probe is aseptically handled; ultrasound is used to locate the nodule, and the path of puncture is designed; the needle is injected at the puncture point (if necessary, it is injected after local anesthesia); the ultrasound is used to guide the puncture needle into the nodule, and the puncture needle is repeatedly inserted and withdrawn within the nodule to complete the retrieval of the material; The specimen is immediately coated and fixed; observe whether the specimen meets the requirements for cytological diagnosis; repeat the puncture steps as needed, usually 2-3 times for each nodule; after the puncture is completed, apply a dressing and leave the specimen in the observation area for 20-30 minutes; apply moderate compression at the puncture point to stop the bleeding for 20-30 minutes, and explain to the patient the precautions to be taken after the puncture. It is recommended that the operation be performed in a regular hospital.