Swelling and pain in the gums are considered to be related to trauma, gingivitis, periodontitis, acute gingival papillitis and so on. 1. Trauma: When there is trauma to the gum area, swelling and pain may occur due to local mucosal damage, and some patients will also be accompanied by bleeding, tooth loosening and other symptoms. 2. Gingivitis: gingivitis is related to the accumulation of plaque on the surface of teeth, and patients may experience bleeding from brushing, soft and fragile gums, deepening of the gingival sulcus, etc., and some patients may also have swollen and painful gums. 3. Periodontitis: Periodontitis is related to plaque, tartar, traumatic bite, food impaction and other factors. The main manifestations of patients have red and swollen gums, soft texture, bleeding, periodontal pockets overflow of pus, tooth loosening, etc., and some patients will also be accompanied by pain. 4. Acute gingivopapillitis: acute gingivopapillitis is mainly related to mechanical or chemical stimulation of the gingival papilla, patients will appear red and swollen gingival papillae, spontaneous swelling and pain, easy to bleed by probing and other symptoms. There are many causes of swollen and painful gums, such as gum cancer, gingivoma, leukemia, diabetes, and AIDS. It is recommended that people with swollen and painful gums seek medical examination to clarify the disease and then follow the doctor’s instructions for treatment.