First of all, lumbar spondylolisthesis is a big concept that means different things to patients of different ages, and we spine surgeons usually classify these diseases into: degenerative lumbar spondylolisthesis and dysplastic lumbar spondylolisthesis. Here I will mainly explain the former, and the latter will be explained in a separate section next time. Degenerative lumbar spondylolisthesis (DLS): proposed by Newman in 1955, it refers to the slippage of the superior vertebral body relative to the inferior vertebral body on the basis of degeneration, not accompanied by a defect in the arch isthmus. 1. The etiology and pathogenesis are not well understood, but the following factors may be associated with the occurrence of slippage: joint angle, pedicle-arthrosis angle, L5 sacralization, excessive lumbar lordosis, weak paravertebral or ventral muscles, obesity, pregnancy, ligamentous laxity, osteoporosis, postmenopause or oophorectomy, and diabetes mellitus. In addition, after the occurrence of slippage, re-stabilization mechanisms such as bone redundancy, joint proliferation, ligamentous hypertrophy and ossification may occur between the vertebral bodies, and slippage is often accompanied by bulging or herniated discs. 2.Clinical manifestations The most common symptoms are: low back pain, intermittent claudication of neurogenic origin, and radiating pain in the lower limbs, respectively. The lumbar pain caused by lumbar spondylolisthesis is characterized by mechanical lower back pain, i.e. the pain is related to the posture, which is painful when standing or walking and relieved when resting in bed, and is aggravated when the patient bends forward, and the patient may suddenly experience severe lumbar pain during the bending process, often adopting a mountain-climbing-like posture and placing the hands on the knees or the front of the thighs to support the body. 3. Indications for surgery Persistent recurrent low back pain and/or leg pain or intermittent claudication, ineffective for at least 3 months after regular conservative treatment, affecting work and daily life; progressive aggravation of neurological impairment.