Epilepsy, commonly known as “goat horn madness”, is a chronic disease in which sudden abnormal discharges of neurons in the brain cause transient brain dysfunction. The clinical manifestations are sudden, transient abnormalities in brain function, such as impaired consciousness, limb or body convulsions, and often recurrent seizures. The disorder has a high incidence and has four characteristics: spontaneous, recurrent, seizure and paroxysmal. I. Health education In the treatment of epilepsy, health education for parents of children with epilepsy is very important. The nursing staff uses easy-to-understand language to educate parents about the feasibility, long-term nature and importance of epilepsy treatment, so that they understand the characteristics of epilepsy, treatment and nursing knowledge, and carefully cooperate with the implementation of treatment measures. The first is to provide the parents with the information on the feasibility, long-term and importance of epilepsy treatment,
These children have low self-esteem, depressed mood, or anxious and self-abandonment, solitude and reticence. Therefore, according to these psychological characteristics of the children, the medical staff should let the parents care for the children, communicate with them more, help the children to establish confidence in overcoming the disease and actively cooperate with the treatment. At the same time, they should encourage them to participate in some sports and group activities within their ability to enhance their self-confidence and independent living ability. Our hospital carries out active rehabilitation training in the non-seizure period of children with epilepsy, and the training is guided by a special rehabilitation teacher. The child’s motor function and cognitive ability are improved after the training, which effectively enhances the parents’ confidence to cooperate with the treatment. Family care and first aid guidance in case of seizures Parents are instructed to understand the changes of the disease and observe the aura symptoms of seizures. If prodromal symptoms appear, take immediate safety measures, quickly lay the child flat on a quiet and comfortable bed with the head on one side to avoid all kinds of unnecessary stimulation. Keep the aspiratory tract open, remove secretions and sputum in time to prevent vomiting and aspiration. Prepare homemade dental pads and place them between the upper and lower molars of the child as soon as possible to prevent tongue and lip bite, while loosening the collar and belt. During a convulsive seizure, violent twitching of limbs and trunk muscles can produce fractures or dislocations of limbs or crests, so do not press the limbs strongly during a convulsion to prevent fractures and dislocations. Teach the parents to observe the whole process of seizure, observe the seizure site, seizure time, duration and symptom performance during the seizure (which side the seizure starts to expand, whether the limb is paralyzed or not, which is of great value for diagnosis), observe the consciousness, whether there is incontinence, pupil changes and post seizure. Keep in contact with medical personnel, and if there is hypoxia, send to hospital immediately to give oxygen inhalation. In case of grand mal seizure, give antiepileptic drugs immediately, such as sodium phenobarbital, Valium, etc. Intravenous Valium should be given to those with persistent convulsions. The actual fact is that you can find a lot of people who have been in the business for a long time. In some cases, antiepileptic drugs should be taken on time even if you have other diseases. Sometimes the drug 3 to 5 days to change a kind of, or even prescriptions, secret recipes, herbal medicine tried one by one, individual parents also engage in superstition, the result of the child’s convulsions are still frequent seizures, so that they have no access to doctors, is not enough, randomly stopping the drug, change the drug, not only can not control seizures, but sometimes aggravate the disease. In addition, as children grow older and gain weight, the dosage of drugs should be adjusted accordingly, but the dosage of drugs should be increased or decreased at the discretion of the specialist, and parents should not change it without permission. V. Pay attention to the side effects of the drug Long-term medication, there will inevitably be some drug side effects. Moreover, each child’s reaction to the drug and tolerance is not the same. Therefore, parents should know what side effects may occur with the medication their children are taking and observe them carefully. Some side effects can be avoided by taking preventive measures. For example, long-term antiepileptic drugs for infants under 1 year of age can cause vitamin D deficiency rickets. If these infants are supplemented with vitamin D in a timely manner or if the dose of vitamin D is increased slightly on top of the original preventive dose, then the occurrence of rickets can be prevented. In general, children with epilepsy can participate in the same cultural and sports activities as normal children of the same age. They can be enrolled in nursery school, and society should not discriminate. Because all of these factors can induce seizures and should be avoided. Seven, moderate exercise After the child’s symptoms are controlled, he or she should exercise appropriately to enhance physical fitness and reduce triggering factors such as colds and fevers. Younger children can participate in a variety of games, play, run, play soccer, etc. Older children can participate in gymnastics, rope skipping and various ball activities, but should not participate in strenuous sports. In summary, epilepsy is a common chronic treatable disease, with frequent onset in infancy and early childhood, which has a large impact on the mental and intellectual development of children. The prognosis of pediatric epilepsy is related to etiology, seizure type, seizure age, seizure frequency and treatment. Early diagnosis and treatment can help improve prognosis and prevent refractory epilepsy. In order to achieve successful treatment, the cooperation of parents and children is very important. As long as we strengthen the guidance of family care for children, make parents and children full of confidence, adhere to long-term reasonable medication, reasonable arrangements for children’s lives, and avoid triggers that cause seizures, we can effectively treat or even completely cure children and improve their quality of life.