Children are the continuation of human life and the hope of parents. As parents, they try their best to pour all the good things on their children, hoping that they will grow up strong and healthy. However, there are always some diseases that come out of the blue and have a great impact on children’s health. Hydrocephalus is one of the most serious problems in children’s health today, and there are many types of hydrocephalus in children. According to relevant data, the incidence of congenital hydrocephalus in newborns in China is 11.84 cases per million, accounting for 56.25% of neonatal neurological defects. The incidence of post-traumatic hydrocephalus is 4.5%. So, what causes such a large number of children with hydrocephalus? The medical factors causing hydrocephalus in children are generally divided into the following two categories. One is congenital developmental anomalies, such as hydrocephalus due to cerebral aqueduct stenosis, gliosis and septal formation; hydrocephalus due to congenital occlusion of the middle and lateral foramina of the fourth ventricle; in addition, chondrodysplasia, cerebral penetration malformation, and cysts in the fifth and sixth ventricles can cause hydrocephalus. There is also a category of nondevelopmental causes, such as intracranial hemorrhage due to neonatal hypoxia and birth injury, meningitis secondary to adhesions, and intracranial tumors leading to hydrocephalus. Hydrocephalus in children should not be taken lightly because it can cause immeasurable harm to children in terms of speech, movement and intelligence. Once detected, timely surgical treatment is crucial. Shunt surgery is a major tool in the treatment of hydrocephalus. Some people ask how to extract cerebrospinal fluid in children. Clinically, for cerebrospinal fluid a tube is used to drain excess cerebrospinal fluid from the patient’s ventricles to be absorbed elsewhere in the body.