What is genital herpes?

  Having genital herpes (GH) is not curable according to the current level, which causes great pain to the patient and is very understandable; therefore, it is recommended that you do nothing to trade with your health. With treatment you can only reduce recurrence or alleviate symptoms. People who say they can cure GH can only say that the “doctor” is courageous or suspected of deception.  In general, primary GH during pregnancy may cause spontaneous miscarriage, premature birth and low birth weight, and GH in the mother during delivery may cause life-threatening infection in the newborn. Primary GH is more likely to cause miscarriage before 20 weeks of gestation, and after 20 weeks of gestation there is a risk of preterm delivery, low birth weight and neonatal herpes.  The incidence of spontaneous abortion, preterm delivery and fetal growth retardation is not increased in recurrent GH pregnancies and in those with positive GH serum IgG antibodies. The risk of preterm delivery in asymptomatic GH seropositive individuals occurring in the second trimester is almost nil, and the probability of infection of the newborn during delivery in IgG-positive individuals is almost nil, due to the protective antibody immunization of the fetus born to a mother with recurrent GH.  Therefore, if you want to have a child, it is crucial that the wife is evaluated before pregnancy, is there an infection? Is it primary or recurrent? If already infected, how long was the course of the disease? What is the current testing status? etc.  If GH symptoms occur for the first time during pregnancy, we should be very careful to find out whether it is a primary or recurrent infection, and then weigh the possibility of spontaneous abortion, preterm delivery, intrauterine fetal infection and neonatal infection according to gestational age, fetal development, maternal antibodies and overall factors, and give appropriate preventive and therapeutic measures.  Although there is a possibility of spontaneous abortion in early pregnancy with primary GH, HSV infection in the fetus through the placenta is rare, so congenital infection is uncommon; the use of acyclovir in early pregnancy does not increase birth defects compared to the general population. Therefore, therapeutic abortion is not recommended.  In genital herpes caused by HSV in pregnant women, although there are two routes of infection: intrauterine infection and obstetric infection, obstetric infection is the most common. It is recognized that severe transplacental infections are extremely rare and that congenital abnormalities rarely occur.  The following factors should be considered for the development of intrapartum infection: 1) whether the pregnant woman is positive for HSV-IgM antibodies; 2) the level of HSV-IgM antibody titers in the pregnant woman; 3) whether the signs of HSV infection will disappear by the expected date of delivery; 4) the presence of HSV in the soft birth canal at the time of delivery; 5) whether the membranes have been ruptured.  When to get pregnant with genital herpes?  When a man has genital herpes, if recurrence is frequent and the disease is unstable, his spouse should not get pregnant; if there are few recurrences of the disease and the symptoms of recurrence are mild, his spouse can consider getting pregnant when there are no episodes, but he needs to pay attention to abstinence after pregnancy and the man should insist on using condoms to reduce the possibility of transmitting genital herpes to his spouse. In the first trimester of pregnancy, when the partner develops signs and symptoms of herpes, the pros and cons of terminating the pregnancy should be weighed.  When a woman has genital herpes, the decision to become pregnant should depend on the duration of the disease, the frequency of episodes and the severity of the symptoms. In general, after 2 years of illness, the number of recurrences often decreases and the symptoms of the attacks are mild, so pregnancy can be considered at this time, but after pregnancy, attention must be paid to regular prenatal checkups and the selection of an appropriate delivery method.  The use of antiviral therapy in pregnant women should be weighed against the pros and cons and requires informed consent from the patient.  Drug options include acyclovir and valacyclovir, both of which have no evidence of teratogenicity. In pregnant women with initial genital herpes, oral acyclovir 400 mg three times daily is recommended, and intravenous acyclovir should be administered if there are serious complications that may be life-threatening. Pregnant women with frequent recurrences or new infections may be given continuous oral acyclovir during the last 4 weeks of pregnancy to reduce active damage and decrease local viral load. This reduces the cesarean delivery rate.  Pregnant women with a previous history of recurrent genital herpes but no signs of recurrence at the last full term may be treated without acyclovir. In women with prodromal symptoms or active lesions, cesarean delivery may be performed before rupture of membranes if not contraindicated, but cesarean delivery does not completely prevent the development of herpes in the newborn. Mothers without active lesions may deliver vaginally, but the newborn should be monitored closely and treated promptly if suspicious manifestations are detected.  The American Academy of Pediatrics considers acyclovir to be safe for breastfeeding pregnant women and allows continued breastfeeding.  The above opinions are for reference only, and a visit to the hospital is required.