What is refractive error?
The refraction of the refractive system of the eye by the external parallel light entering the eye does not create a clear image on the retina. These include: farsightedness, myopia and astigmatism.
According to a joint survey conducted by the Ministry of Health and the Ministry of Education, by 2004, the detection rate of poor vision among Chinese children was 28% for primary school students, 60% for junior high school students, and 85% for high school students, with a rising trend. Currently, the prevalence of myopia among Chinese students is the second highest in the world, and the number of students is the highest in the world.
There are three degrees of myopia: mild myopia (less than 300 degrees), moderate myopia (300-600 degrees) and high myopia (more than 600 degrees).
How to detect myopia in children at an early stage?
First of all, regular vision checkups should be conducted to detect vision abnormalities early and seek early medical attention;
Secondly, you should pay attention to your child’s daily performance.
1, when looking at distant objects, often squinting fine eyes, otherwise they can not see clearly.
2.Read books and watch TV, movies and TV become closer, especially watching TV always like close.
3.Tend to produce tight frown phenomenon when looking at objects.
4.Changes in personality and emotion, diminished ability to act and think, etc. Lack of patience in learning and decline in academic performance.
How can children prevent the occurrence of myopia?
The causes of myopia are complex, with two main factors: genetic and environmental. Since genetic engineering cannot be used to modify genes, the focus of myopia prevention and treatment should be on improving the visual environment.
Genetically speaking, if parents have myopia, children are more likely to develop myopia. Therefore, children with myopic parents should pay more attention to vision screening.
Children and adolescents are the most important stages in preventing myopia. It is possible to reduce the occurrence or development of myopia by minimizing the environmental triggers of myopia, paying attention to the nutrition of the developing eye, actively treating pseudomyopia, and using effective methods to improve blood circulation in the eye and reduce ciliary muscle spasm.
How to prevent the occurrence of myopia in children and adolescents from environmental factors?
(1) Reform the education system. Myopia develops at a high rate between the ages of 12 and 18, and because of the education system, this is the period when the pressure of studying is heaviest, homework is busiest, and assignments are most frequent, making outdoor activities for young people significantly reduced, and they are in a state of proximity for a long time. So parents should also try to reduce the pressure on children and increase outdoor activities.
(2) Change the way of playing. In modern cities, children’s games are mainly indoor self-entertainment, such as personal toys, game consoles, computers, TV, etc.; it is rare to see children playing spontaneous outdoor group games, and they hardly stay at home after school, learning English, drawing, etc. There are few opportunities to leave the near-sighted environment every day. For this reason, parents and teachers should encourage children to change the way they play and do more outdoor activities.
(3) Pay attention to eye hygiene.
(4) Pay attention to eye care.
(5) Vision loss should be promptly checked and treated in hospital.
How to prevent the occurrence of myopia in children in terms of eye hygiene?
(1) Have enough light. The light should come from the upper left side so that there are no dark shadows.
(2) Posture should be correct. The upper body should be straight, and the head should not be crooked, nor should it lean forward excessively, nor should it lie on the table. Eyes and books to maintain a distance of about 33 cm (1 foot).
(3) Tables and chairs should be purchased according to the height of the child. This will ensure that the correct writing posture is achieved and that the eyes are at the correct distance from the book.
(4) Prevent eye muscle fatigue and do not study for too long. Take a 10-minute break after 40 minutes of reading, look at distant objects, and do eye exercises.
(5) Children’s writing paper should be used as far as possible non-reflective, opaque white paper.
(6) Do not read books in the car. The illumination in the car is not enough, the external light can easily make the written light and dark. Text with the car forward and shaking, it is easy to cause neck bending, eye fatigue.
(7) watch TV when people and TV sets to maintain a certain distance. It is best not to let children play video games. Keep a distance of more than 3 times the diagonal of the fluorescent screen with the TV set, and every half hour of TV should let the eyes rest for 15 minutes. Video game consoles can easily harm children’s eyesight.
How can children do myopia prevention and self-care?
(1) Fog vision therapy. Wear +1.50 glasses for 30 minutes to 1 hour a day to look directly into the distance or 5m away.
(2) Vision from a distance. After studying or reading books and watching computers and TV for 1 to 2 hours, students should use their recess time to look at the infinite distance ahead with both eyes, preferably on a green background, with trees and plants, flowers and plants.
(3) Crystal exercise. Rhythmically alternate between looking at the image on the desk and the distant object outside the window, gradually increase the speed, and finish both after feeling eyeball fatigue;
What should I pay attention to in the diet of myopic eyes?
(1) Do not be partial to food, do not be picky about food, pay attention to the diversity of recipes. To ensure that the body and eyes grow and develop and maintain their functions need a variety of nutrients.
(2) Eat less acidic and sweet foods. It will produce a large amount of acid, which will affect the absorption of calcium ions in food, which has a certain effect on the occurrence and development of myopia.
(3) Protein, calcium, zinc, chromium, phosphorus, vitamins, etc. should be supplemented. Such as soybeans, almonds, nori, kelp, mutton, yellow fish, milk powder, tea and other foods with high zinc content; beef, cereals, meat, liver and other items richer in chromium.
(4) Eat more food that strengthens the spleen and nourishes the stomach and tonifies the qi and blood . Such as yam, carrots, taro, spinach, millet, corn, etc.
How to treat myopia? (How to do with myopia?)
1, pseudomyopia: nightly drops of pupil-dilating drugs (glaucoma is prohibited), wearing myopia treatment lenses, to control the development of true myopia.
2, true myopia.
(1) Wear glasses: frame glasses are currently the most important and safest correction method for adolescent myopia.
(2) 1% atropine eye ointment dotted eyes (must be done under the guidance of a doctor).
(3) Surgery: Excimer laser surgery is becoming increasingly mature, but there are age restrictions that make it an unsuitable choice for adolescent children. It is generally required to be over 18 years old and myopia stable for more than 2 years.
(4) Keratomileusis (must be performed under the guidance of a doctor).
Is a radical cure for myopia possible?
There are no scientific results for the eradication of myopia. Once myopia occurs, its natural course is irreversible. Given the characteristics of adolescent growth and development, the only way to maintain good vision is through effective interventions, starting with prevention and from an early age.
Will myopia make my eyes protrude when I wear glasses?
No, there is no connection between eye deformation and glasses.
There are two reasons for eye protrusion.
One, the protruding eyeball is a change in the eye itself. After myopia, especially medium to high myopia, the eye axis becomes longer and the eyeball becomes larger. Whether or not you wear glasses, the eyeball is more protruding than when you are not nearsighted.
Second, glasses have a cosmetic effect, making the eye look smaller. Myopic glasses are concave lenses, wear myopic glasses, concave lenses reduce the image of the eye, look smaller eyes, look accustomed to, the formation of visual standards. Take off the glasses, see the real eye, the contrast is obvious, will certainly feel larger. The larger the prescription of the glasses, the more obvious the feeling.
How to fit myopic children with glasses?
(1) General eye examination. Exclude other eye diseases by external eye, refractive interstitial, and fundus examination.
(2) Dilated pupil examination. If necessary, corneal curvature, corneal thickness, and corneal topography should be performed. I would like to emphasize here that we do not affect children by dilating the pupil after systematic examination of the fundus and intraocular pressure. On the contrary, dilating the pupil can paralyze the ciliary muscles and relax the regulation, which allows children’s eyes to rest and has a certain therapeutic effect on children with pseudomyopia and mild myopia.
(3) Insert the lens after the pupil has returned to normal and try the lens.
(4) Measure the pupillary distance.
(5) Select frames and lenses. To consider pupil distance, face shape, performance, quality and special needs.
Precautions for eyeglass selection.
1. Conduct a formal dilated eye examination. Get the correct prescription for glasses before dispensing
2, according to the child’s pupil distance to choose the frame. Because glasses are based on the pupil distance to adjust the optical center, the pupil distance is not allowed to deviate from the optical center of vision, causing visual fatigue.
3, it is best to choose the frame with a nose rest. Children’s nose bridge is relatively flat, glasses easy to slide down, deviating from the optical center.
4, with resin lenses is safer. Children are active, once the glass lens is broken is easy to hurt the eyes.
5, both remove glasses or wear glasses with both hands, so as to avoid deformation of the connection between the mirror legs and the frame.
6, to prevent the glasses mirror friction. Affect the light transmission of the lenses.
7, the screw is loose or off, to get professional opticians to repair. Prevent deformation of glasses, off-center.
8, primary and secondary school students are not suitable to wear contact lenses. In the period of growth and development, the eye vision axis has not yet set, if premature or longer continuous wearing contact lenses, easy to produce corneal hypoxia and physiological metabolic disorders and other side effects;
If the lenses are not cleaned and disinfected properly, infection may occur;
If the curvature of the lens is not compatible with the cornea, it will also cause corneal wear.