What complications can occur with oral implants ?

(1) Wound dehiscence is too tight or too loose suture, especially in the case of induced infection, which is more likely to lead to local wound dehiscence, and should be cleared and sutured again in time to avoid implant exposure. (2) Bleeding is prone to submucosal or subcutaneous bleeding due to large mucoperiosteal stripping injury or extensive submucosal stripping, especially if there is poor postoperative compression. Subchin bruising may also occur if the implant penetrates the lower edge of the jaw during the first stage of surgery. Local bruising can generally be absorbed after a few days and can be applied cold in the early postoperative period and hot in the late postoperative period. Those who have a tendency to bleed due to systemic factors should be treated symptomatically. (3) Numbness of the lower lip is mostly caused by injury to the chin nerve during intraoperative stripping or direct trauma during implant placement. The former is mostly recoverable, while the latter should be removed and the implant should be repositioned avoiding the nerve. (4) When the sinus cavity mucosa penetrates the maxillary implant, due to insufficient bone, it is easy to penetrate the maxillary sinus or the mucosa of the nasal floor, which will inevitably cause infection around the implant, due to timely removal. (5) Infection is mostly induced by contamination of the surgical area or surgical instruments and other complications. (6) Gingivitis after implant denture restoration, due to poor oral hygiene or improper cleaning methods, poor cleaning of the implant abutments exposed in the mouth, caused by plaque adhering to the abutments to stimulate the gums. The formation of plaque is mostly due to the scratching of the surface finish of the implant abutment, which allows bacteria to multiply on it. Therefore, in addition to ensuring the finish of the abutment during the production and processing of the implant itself, the surface of the abutment should be carefully protected during surgical operations and patient self-care. (7) Gingival hyperplasia can be caused by poor local hygiene due to too little gingival penetration of the abutment or poor connection between the abutment and the bridge, and long-term chronic inflammatory stimulation can lead to gingival hyperplasia. (8) Progressive marginal bone resorption mostly occurs in the bone tissue of the implant neck and is associated with gingivitis, peri-implantitis, over-concentration of implant stress and prolonged uncorrected mechanical fracture of the implant. (9) Implant trauma is commonly associated with accidental impact of the implant denture, which can cause slight loosening of the implant in severe cases. (10) Implant mechanical fracture and implant connection parts such as the central screw, bridge post screw fracture, mainly due to mechanical factors or unreasonable stress distribution.