Water and electrolytes are the main components of body fluids, which can be divided into two parts: intracellular fluid and extracellular fluid. Intracellular fluid is mainly found in skeletal muscle, and extracellular fluid can be divided into two parts: plasma and intercellular fluid. Intercellular fluid can rapidly exchange with intravascular fluid or intracellular fluid, and plays an important role in maintaining the body’s water and electrolyte balance. Normal fluid volume, osmotic pressure and electrolyte content are the basic guarantee for normal metabolism and normal function of all organs in the body. Most medical diseases, trauma, surgery and many other surgical diseases may lead to imbalance of water, electrolyte and acid-base balance in the body. The electrolytes that are closely related to cardiac arrhythmias are mainly potassium, calcium and magnesium.
Electrolyte effects on ECG and heart rhythm.
Various electrolyte disorders mainly affect the action potential of myocardium, thus affecting myocardial excitability, autoregulation and conduction. Severe electrolyte disorders lead to abnormal origin of cardiac excitation, abnormal conduction, and even cardiac arrest and ventricular fibrillation.
Arrhythmias associated with abnormal blood potassium.
Potassium is one of the important minerals of the organism. Ninety-eight percent of the body’s total potassium content is found in the cells and is the predominant intracellular electrolyte. The extracellular fluid contains only 2% of the total amount of potassium, but it is of importance. The normal blood potassium concentration is 3.5-5.5 mmol/L. Potassium has many important physiological functions: to participate in and maintain normal cellular metabolism, to maintain the osmotic pressure and acid-base balance of the intracellular fluid, to maintain neuromuscular excitability, and to maintain normal myocardial function. Abnormalities in potassium metabolism include hypokalemia and hyperkalemia, with the former being the most common.
Electrolyte disorders are harmful.
Disorders of water and electrolyte metabolism can cause corresponding disorders in the physiological functions of all organ systems, especially the cardiovascular system and the nervous system, and in the metabolism of substances in the body, which can often lead to death in serious cases. Therefore, the problem of water and electrolyte metabolism disorders is one of the most important problems in medical science, and has received widespread attention from medical scientists.
Prevention and treatment.
You should drink plenty of water on a daily basis to avoid dehydration. In addition, maintaining a balanced diet is also very helpful in preventing electrolyte imbalance. The treatment measures taken are usually based on the cause and severity. Eating foods containing potassium and calcium can help treat this imbalance. In severe cases, intravenous fluids are also needed to bring electrolytes back to normal levels.
Arrhythmias are caused by abnormal sinus node excitation or excitation arising outside the sinus node, and slow, blocked or abnormal conduction of excitation through abnormal channels, i.e., abnormalities in the frequency and/or rhythm of the heartbeat due to disturbances in the origin and/or conduction of heart activity. Arrhythmias are an important group of cardiovascular diseases. It can develop alone or in association with other cardiovascular diseases. Its prognosis is related to the cause of the arrhythmia, its triggers, its evolution, and whether it leads to severe hemodynamic disturbances, which can cause sudden death by sudden onset or failure by continuous involvement of the heart.
Arrhythmia prevention.
1, life should be regular, to ensure adequate sleep.
2, the living environment to strive for seclusion, avoid the noise, a variety of flowers and plants, conducive to the temperament.
3, pay attention to the combination of work and rest, according to their own situation to choose the appropriate physical exercise, such as walking, taijiquan, qigong, etc., abstain from sexual intercourse, to prevent colds.
4, try to maintain a standard weight, do not greedy diet, because fat will make the heart load increased.
5, pay attention to the seasons, seasons, climate changes, because the cold, hot and muggy weather, as well as the greater impact on the disease of the season, such as spring, summer solstice, winter, winter solstice, etc. easily induced or aggravated arrhythmia, should be well protected in advance, respectively, to take measures to keep warm, ventilation, cooling, etc..
6, diet to easy to digest, talk, nutritious, less food, low salt, low fat, high protein, multivitamins, clean and sanitary, hot and cold appropriate, regular ration as the principle, arrhythmia patients should not avoid strong tea, coffee, cigarettes, alcohol, fried and too salty, too sweet, too sticky food, eat less fine grains, puffed eggs, animal offal, and edema, should limit the amount of water.
7, the normal spirit and mood, with the arrhythmia is closely related to the occurrence of, try to eliminate tension, fear, worry, worry, anger and other adverse emotional stimulation, maintain a normal state of mind.
8, in addition to daily oral medication, patients should also be equipped with emergency drugs prescribed by the doctor, such as insulin, rapid-acting heart pills, cardiac pain, atropine, etc.
Electrolytes on the electrocardiogram and heart rhythm of the clinical characteristics of the following three aspects.
1, most non-single electrolyte disorders, such as low potassium often accompanied by low magnesium.
2, often accompanied by acid-base imbalance, such as high potassium often leads to acidosis and low potassium leads to alkalosis.
3, adulteration factors are many: the impact of its own disease, often with the presence of liver and kidney insufficiency, some drugs can also lead to electrocardiographic changes, including potassium ions on the cardiomyocytes most obvious, followed by calcium ions, magnesium ions and sodium ions again.