As the saying goes, people cannot live without bones and bones cannot live without joints, but many people are plagued by bone and joint pain, which even affects their work life and even loss of life. Bone and joint pain refers to pain in the bones and joints of the whole body or in a particular area. People will often encounter or personally experience a variety of bone and joint pain, such as bone pain, joint pain, or low back pain. There are many diseases that can cause bone and joint pain, such as osteoarthritis, osteoporosis, traumatic fracture, pathological fracture, bone tumor and bone metastasis cancer. The causes are complex and varied, and the treatment methods are different. Here, we would like to introduce several common osteoarthritis conditions to enhance your awareness of self-care. Avoid abusing drugs on your own to cover up your real condition and delay the best time for treatment. Osteoarthritis: Osteoarthritis is the most common type of bone and joint pain in clinical practice, far more common than acute injuries, and occurs in the middle-aged and elderly population. Osteoarthritis, also known as osteoarthrosis, degenerative arthritis, proliferative arthritis, and age-related arthritis, is a type of joint pain and joint dysfunction (including joint deformity) caused by degenerative changes in joint cartilage. The disease is mainly a physiological degeneration, is aging. Osteoarthritis occurs in the knee, hip, shoulder, and thumb-wrist (metacarpophalangeal) joints, as well as in the spinal joints. A series of clinical signs and symptoms may occur, including joint pain, swelling, deformity, and dysfunction. In addition to trauma and congenital deformity, age, obesity and overuse of the joint are the main causes. The main conservative treatment methods are: oral Vigorix, Bone Li, Xilab, and intra-articular injection of sodium vitrate. When the degeneration of the joint is so severe that conservative treatment is ineffective, surgical treatment can be performed. For end-stage joint lesions, artificial joint replacement is feasible. Osteoporosis: Osteoporosis is a bone disease characterized by reduced bone mass, reduced bone density, and changes in the microstructure of bone tissue resulting in increased bone fragility and fracture risk. The basic symptoms of osteoporosis are: 1. Pain: Patients may have low back pain or peripheral pain, which is aggravated by activity. 2. Spinal deformation: Those with severe osteoporosis may have shortened height and hunchback. 3. fracture. The common sites of fragility fracture are thoracic, lumbar spine, hip, radius, distal ulna and proximal humerus. Treatment of osteoporosis mainly includes: 1. Lifestyle adjustment, calcium and vitamin D supplementation, and balanced diet. The treatment of osteoporosis mainly includes: 1. outdoor activities, physical exercise and rehabilitation that help bone health, avoiding smoking, alcohol abuse and using drugs that affect bone metabolism, etc. 2. pharmacological interventions: bisphosphonates, calcitonin, estrogen, etc. 3. minimally invasive surgical interventions can be used for patients with osteoporotic fractures to promote rehabilitation and prevent fracture complications. Traumatic fractures and pathological fractures: Diseases caused by the disruption of bone integrity or continuity, with pain, swelling, bruising, dysfunction, deformity and bone rubbing sounds as the main manifestations. Pain is mainly severe localized pain, which is reduced or relieved after braking. Fractures are mostly caused by direct or indirect violence, but can also be fatigue fractures caused by chronic strain. Pathological fractures are often due to bone tumor bone disease, a type of disease in which fractures occur under minor external force, often requiring removal of the lesion and fixation of the fracture and surgery to clarify the pathological diagnosis. Conservative or surgical treatment should be chosen according to the location, type, and degree of displacement of the fracture. Bone tumors: Bone tumors are proliferative organisms that occur in the bone or its appendages (blood vessels, nerves, bone marrow, etc.). There are benign and malignant bone tumors. Benign bone tumors usually have no obvious symptoms or mild symptoms, such as osteochondroma, bone cyst, bone giant cell tumor, bone fibrous dysplasia, etc. Generally, tumor resection or bone scraping implantation can achieve good results and good prognosis. Malignant bone tumors develop rapidly with quicker appearance of masses, bone destruction and severe pain, such as osteosarcoma, chondrosarcoma, Ewing’s sarcoma, etc. Among the malignant primary bone tumors, represented by osteosarcoma, the treatment is mainly: preoperative neoadjuvant chemotherapy + surgery + postoperative chemotherapy, surgery and chemotherapy complement each other, and one of them is indispensable. Nowadays, the 5-year survival rate of osteosarcoma patients has been significantly improved, reaching 60%-70%, and limb-preserving surgery has also been commonly carried out, with the limb-preserving surgery rate reaching 90%. Bone metastasis: It is a kind of secondary malignant tumor that metastasizes from the primary tumor outside the bone to the bone. Bone metastasis mostly occurs in patients over 40 years old, and about 15% of cancer patients will have bone metastasis, mainly prostate cancer, breast cancer, thyroid cancer, lung cancer, kidney cancer, and the metastatic sites are mostly located in the spine, ribs, pelvis and the epiphysis of long tubular bone. The pain caused by malignant tumor invading or metastasizing to bones is called cancer bone pain, which is one of the common cancer pains in clinical practice. For metastatic bone tumor, its treatment should depend on the specific situation, which can be treated with radiotherapy, chemotherapy, biological therapy, Chinese medicine, surgery and other treatment methods. In cases with pathological fracture, the fracture should be treated promptly to prevent fracture complications and improve the quality of life.