Cerebrovascular disease, including cerebral hemorrhage and cerebral infarction, can be a household name. However, many people may not have heard of the concept of cerebral leukomalacia. In fact, cerebral leukomalacia, first proposed by a Canadian scholar in 1987, is the early and most significant imaging manifestation of cerebrovascular disease (especially cerebral infarction) on CT or MRI, and has an important prognostic significance for cerebral infarction, and can be classified as mild, moderate or severe according to the extent of lesions. Some studies have shown that the occurrence of cerebral leukodystrophy is closely related to age factors, and the older the age, the higher the prevalence. It is also closely related to hypertension and diabetes because of the poor small vessel base in such patients. Therefore, elderly people are the main patient group of cerebral leukodystrophy. Especially in recent years, with the widespread use of CT and MRI, cerebral leukomalacia is increasingly found in middle-aged and elderly people. Many scholars believe that cerebral white matter osteoporosis is a normal aging process in humans, because it can be found in many normal elderly people during physical examinations, so it is often not taken seriously. However, it is actually a group of clinical syndromes caused by a variety of different etiologies. A growing number of studies have shown that a significant number of patients with cerebral leukodystrophy exhibit symptoms such as dizziness, fatigue, tinnitus, and in more severe cases, cognitive and behavioral impairments, such as apathy, decreased memory, judgment, and responsiveness, and varying degrees of impairment in language function and vision. The progression of cerebral leukodystrophy is insidious and may lead to acute stroke, which may result in life-threatening or residual limb dysfunction. It needs the attention of middle-aged and elderly people. There is no good treatment for cerebral leukodystrophy. Some newspapers or publications recommend reading more books and using the brain, scientific diet (eating more cabbage, soybeans, fresh fish, milk, fungus, etc.), living a regular life, getting enough sleep, not smoking, not drinking strong alcohol, and actively preventing and treating various chronic diseases such as hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, etc. However, most of these methods are in the health care category and cannot really be used for the elderly. However, most of these methods can not be used for the treatment of elderly patients with cerebral leukodystrophy. In recent years, the Department of Hyperbaric Oxygenation of the Naval General Hospital has given some elderly patients with cerebrovascular disease a treatment plan of low-pressure hyperbaric oxygen combined with intravenous infusion of oxygen chamber to improve microcirculation and nutritional drugs, which has achieved satisfactory results, not only playing the “oxygen therapy” effect of hyperbaric oxygen, but also integrating the advantages of different treatment methods, effectively delaying/reversing the development of cerebral leukodystrophy in most patients. It has effectively delayed/reversed the progression of cerebral leukodystrophy in most patients and improved the quality of survival in middle-aged and elderly patients.