What are the applications of all-ceramic joints in joint replacement?

    According to professional research, flexion knee deformity over 60 degrees is a contraindication for artificial knee surface replacement. Due to the late development of joint surgery in China, especially the artificial knee replacement technology, patients are not treated in time, not only the flexion knee contracture deformity more than 60 degrees, and even more than 90 degrees of bony fusion, resulting in long-term bed-ridden patients, unable to take care of themselves. This series of studies broke through the contraindications of artificial knee surface replacement and successfully operated on patients with 90 degrees of bony fusion in knee flexion and even with dislocation or subluxation, achieving better clinical results.   The investigators broke away from the traditional surgical sequence of “multiple lower extremity damage and deformities must be replaced with an artificial hip before an artificial knee” and enabled some patients to return to work after only an artificial knee replacement.  Age alone does not affect the ability of a patient to undergo arthroplasty, and the average age of the patients on whom Dr. Ye Ping performs joint surgery is over seventy years old. The highest age was over ninety years old in five cases, and it was clinically evident that this high age could benefit from this surgical treatment. A survey of elderly patients who underwent surgery found that octogenarians and even ninety-year-olds experienced relief of pain symptoms and improved function after surgery.  In the 1960s, Charnley mated a metal femoral head with a polymer polyethylene acetabulum to create a model of low-friction artificial joint replacement, and since then, artificial joint replacement has entered a phase of rapid development. Over the decades, it has been gradually recognized that the wear particles generated between prostheses, which induce periprosthetic osteolysis, are an important cause of artificial joint service life, and how to reduce or prevent the generation of wear particles, prevent the generation of prosthetic loosening, and prolong the service life of artificial joints has become a widely studied topic. Among them, ceramic-ceramic prosthesis is gaining more and more attention because of its good sliding properties and very low coefficient of friction.  I should be online most of the patient consultation, summarize to do a brief description of the application of total ceramic joints in total hip replacement types of commonly used artificial joint ceramic materials: The ceramic materials commonly used in artificial joints are biologically inert ceramics, mainly alumina ceramics and zirconia ceramics.  Alumina ceramics: The high-purity alumina powder is sintered at 1,600~1,800°C. The new manufacturing process adopted after the 1990s has reduced impurities and improved the denseness of the material. It is chemically inert and has good corrosion resistance. In the past 10 years, artificial hip joints made of alumina ceramics have achieved satisfactory results in clinical practice.  Zirconia ceramics: Zirconia ceramics are denser, tougher, and stronger than alumina ceramics, reducing the risk of rupture of ceramic prostheses and allowing for femoral heads up to 22 mm in diameter. Zirconia ceramics were first used clinically in 1985 as a femoral head prosthesis. However, pure zirconia is unstable and has three crystal states: single crystal, tetragonal, and cubic. The change in state results in poor stability and rupture, and a stabilizer (commonly yttrium oxide) must be added to keep it in the tetragonal state in order to maintain its stability and obtain optimal mechanical properties. Zirconia ceramics are controversial, and some scholars do not recommend the use of zirconia ceramic femoral heads, arguing that there is little difference between the clinical use of zirconia and metal femoral heads and that there are possible complications such as prosthetic fragmentation.  In addition, in order to take the advantages of both alumina and zirconia ceramics, new alumina-based composite ceramics have been studied in recent years. This material combines alumina, zirconia, and chromium oxide, and its material density, strength, and toughness are greater than those of alumina and zirconia, and its biocompatibility and wear resistance are also superior, which is a new material to look forward to. In addition, new more wear-resistant ceramic materials such as silicon carbide (SiC) and silicon nitride (Si3N4) are being investigated.