Ischemic colic, also known as chronic mesenteric ischemia, refers to recurrent episodes of severe postprandial paroxysmal epigastric colic or periaqueductal pain. It is often seen in elderly people with a history of heart disease or peripheral vascular disease. It is more common in men than in women. Abdominal pain or abdominal discomfort is the most common symptom. The pain is often located in the upper abdomen or around the umbilicus, but may be diffuse and may radiate to the back and neck. The pain is often located in the upper abdomen or around the umbilicus, but may be diffuse and may radiate to the back and neck. The typical symptom is 15-60 min after a full meal and lasts 2-3 h. At the beginning of the disease, it can be paroxysmal dull pain, and as the disease progresses, the symptom can gradually increase to persistent dull pain and spasmodic colic, and occasionally violent colic. It can be accompanied by nausea, vomiting, etc. This is because the blood supply cannot meet the needs of the small intestine digestive function at this time, and the symptoms are parallel to the amount of food intake. Clinical diagnosis: 1. edema The vast majority of patients have edema of varying severity, especially in the mucosal and submucosal layers, while arterial or small-vessel disease is not obvious. 2, bleeding 100% of patients have varying degrees of bleeding, especially venous obstruction often without obvious necrosis, mainly edema and bleeding. Severe hemorrhage is clinically manifested as bloody stool, and even hemorrhagic shock occurs. 3, necrosis by ischemia caused by serious damage, necrosis of different severity, often coagulative necrosis or hemorrhagic necrosis. Can be manifested as isolated, focal, multiple, segmental, large pieces of mucosal layer necrosis. It may begin in the mucosal layer and extend to the outer layers to the muscular and plasma layers. Pseudomembranes may be formed in superficial swaths of necrosis. Severe necrosis can be manifested as gangrene. 4, vesicles and ulcers Mucosal ischemic degenerative necrosis can cause vesicles and ulcers to form. Ulcers vary in size and depth and can form small multifocal ulcers, resembling ulcerative colitis. In chronic and severe cases, deep ulcers may be formed. The wall-permeable ulcers can even cause perforation, and chronic cases often have intestinal adhesions. 5, repair epithelium and mesenchyme can have varying degrees of proliferation or regenerative repair changes. During the chronic period stromal granulomas and fibrous hyperplasia, and finally fibrous scar formation, or even tumor-like masses. The intestinal wall is thickened by interstitial hyperplasia and fibrosis, and narrowing and deformation of the intestinal lumen may be seen during the repair process. The epithelium and mesenchyme may form polypoid or nodular lesions.