Pediatric myelomeningocele is the most common chronic disease among pediatric myelomeningocele, also known as congenital myelomeningocele, primary myelomeningocele, and commonly known as oblique neck. Its clinical manifestations are characterized by the child’s head tilting toward the patient, forward tilt, and facial rotation to the healthy side. After birth, the child is found to have tension contracture of the sternocleidomastoid muscle on one side of the neck, which is protruding like a cord, or a prismatic or oval-shaped mass at the muscle belly. Some children have facial deformities, with the affected side of the eye and face smaller than the healthy side. In advanced cases, there is usually compensatory scoliosis of the thoracic spine. Pediatric myelomeningocele can be divided into congenital and acquired cases according to the cause. In congenital cases, it is due to the malposition of the fetus’ head during the development in the uterus, and the long-term lateralization to one side, which obstructs the blood supply of the sternocleidomastoid muscle, causing ischemic changes in the muscle, edema and necrosis of the muscle fibers and secondary fiber hyperplasia, and finally causing muscle contracture. Clinically, the whole sternocleidomastoid muscle becomes tense and contracted, thickens and hardens, and is usually seen in striated or mixed striated sternocleidomastoid muscles. The acquired form is due to induction of labor by forceps or straining injury during obstructed labor, causing local soft tissue hematoma, intra-muscular lamellar vascular embolism, hematoma myelination, and then gradually forming a prismatic or oval-shaped mass. Clinically, it is usually seen in the mass type or mass mixed type myotonic squint. For pediatric patients with a non-significant mass, normal head rotation, and tilting of the head to one side, it should be distinguished from ophthalmoplegia and osseous squint, which are rare in clinical practice, and neurological squint caused by muscle paralysis of the neck. Check whether there is visual impairment in both eyes and the macula and retina of the fundus to rule out ophthalmic squints caused by ocular factors; take a frontal and lateral X-ray of the cervical spine to rule out bony squints caused by congenital abnormal development of the spine. Among the conservative therapies, massage therapy is the most effective, except for a few cases where the effect is not good due to long duration, large mass and hard texture, but generally more significant results can be achieved. After unsatisfactory results of massage treatment, and if the deformity is obvious, surgical treatment should be considered.