Neostigmine is an anticholinesterase drug that inhibits the degradation of acetylcholine receptors and is indicated for patients with myasthenia gravis, as well as for the treatment of paralytic intestinal obstruction and postoperative urinary retention. Although this drug is less toxic to the central nervous system, it still needs to be applied under medical supervision to avoid serious adverse drug reactions. Neostigmine is available in tablet and injection form, and the injection is usually given subcutaneously. Neostigmine can act on the cholinergic receptors of skeletal muscle cells, also can cause the contraction of gastrointestinal smooth muscle and bladder forced urinary muscle, and also can cause some excitability of muscle nerves. In addition, neostigmine is also widely used in the field of anesthesiology, usually in combination with atropine, which can play a mutually antagonistic effect. It is often used together when doing general anesthesia surgery, which can reduce the risk of anesthesia to a certain extent. However, if used in large doses, adverse reactions such as vomiting, diarrhea and salivation may occur.