Anal fistula and hemorrhoids are two different things, essentially different, and belong to two different diseases. Hemorrhoids are soft venous masses formed by dilated and tortuous venous plexuses under the mucous membrane at the end of the rectum and under the skin of the anal canal, and are benign diseases caused by dilated, tortuous and elevated venous plexuses in the wall of the rectum and anus. The medical term hemorrhoids includes internal, external and mixed hemorrhoids. Anal fistula is an incision and drainage of perianal abscess or perianal abscess breaks down by itself, and after the pus overflows, the acute inflammation becomes chronic inflammation with long-term repeated infections, breakdowns, and proliferation of granulation tissue to form sinus tracts. An anal fistula consisting of an internal opening, a fistula, and an external opening will be formed. The difference between hemorrhoids and anal fistulas lies in the different causes of formation, changes in condition and signs and symptoms, and the treatment of hemorrhoids is based on conservative, non-surgical treatment. If conservative treatment does not work and the symptoms are more severe, surgical treatment is required. The more the diagnosis is clear, the better it is to be treated surgically, and the sooner the better. After surgery, you must change the medication on time to keep the surgical wound draining smoothly to avoid pseudo-healing and post-operative recurrence.