Prevalence: more male than female, more urban than rural Bladder cancer is the most common tumor among urological diseases. According to a survey report on the national incidence of bladder cancer published in the journal Tumor Progress in January 2013, in 2008, the incidence rate of bladder cancer in the national tumor registry area was 7.49 per 100,000 people, among which the incidence rates of male and female were 11.41 per 100,000 and 3.51 per 100,000, respectively, with the incidence rate of male being 3.3 times higher than that of female, and the incidence rate of urban population was 8.55 per 100,000, and that of rural population was 3.55 per 100,000, with the incidence rate of urban being 2.4 times higher than that of rural population. The prevalence rate in the urban population was 8.55 per 100,000, and in the rural population it was 3.55 per 100,000, which is 2.4 times higher than in rural areas. Moreover, according to the data collected from 1998 to 2008, the incidence rate of bladder cancer in China is on the rise, which should be taken seriously. Familiarization with symptoms helps early diagnosis Since bladder cancer is so common, urologists should be highly alert to suspected bladder cancer and familiarize with the early symptoms of bladder cancer to help confirm the diagnosis as early as possible. Hematuria, especially painless intermittent hematuria, is the earliest symptom of bladder cancer. In daily diagnosis and treatment activities, if patients describe deepening of urine color, and after routine urinalysis, “hematuria” is confirmed, bladder cancer should be highly suspected at first, and if some benign causes are excluded (e.g. infections, menstruation, strenuous exercise, medications, traumas, or recent invasive examinations of the urinary system, etc.), further laboratory and imaging examinations should be performed. The majority of patients also present with urinary frequency, dysuria, and dyspareunia. Most patients also present with urinary frequency, urgency, dysuria, and pelvic pain, which are usually advanced. Other symptoms include lower back pain due to ureteral obstruction, lower extremity edema, pelvic mass, and urinary retention. Some patients present with weight loss, renal insufficiency, abdominal pain or bone pain at the time of presentation, which are all advanced symptoms.