Hematopoietic stem cells are regenerative. The most important feature of hematopoietic stem cells is that they are self-renewing and can also differentiate into various types of blood cells. Hematopoietic stem cells have a high degree of self-renewal and replication ability. Self-renewal means that a cell can maintain its own biological characteristics and thus achieve a stable number of cells. Self-replication is the ability of hematopoietic stem cells to proliferate and differentiate into various types of precursor cells and blood cells, which are then released into the peripheral blood. Hematopoietic stem cells can differentiate into various types of precursor cells to form different blood cells, including white blood cells, platelets and red blood cells. Therefore, hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is a clinical option for patients with malignant blood diseases such as leukemia. Any abnormality of hematopoietic stem cells requires prompt medical treatment.