Cataract ultrasound emulsification: This is a new type of cataract surgery developed at home and abroad in recent years. This surgery is mainly performed in large and medium-sized cities in China that are more advanced. The lens nucleus is crushed by ultrasound to make it celiac, and then aspirated together with the cortex, and the posterior capsule membrane of the lens is preserved after surgery. If the aging cataract has developed to a visual acuity of less than 0.3, the lens is cloudy in the immature stage, and the central nucleus is soft, it is suitable for ultrasound emulsification surgery. Its advantages are small incision, less tissue damage, short operation time and fast vision recovery. Extracapsular cataract extraction: Unlike the old-fashioned extracapsular extraction, it requires operation under an operating microscope with a smaller incision than intracapsular extraction. The clouded lens nucleus is expelled and the cortex is aspirated, but the posterior capsule of the lens is left behind. The posterior capsule membrane is preserved and a posterior chamber type IOL can be implanted at the same time, allowing immediate restoration of visual function after surgery. Therefore, extracapsular extraction of cataract has become the routine surgical procedure for cataract nowadays. Intracapsular cataract extraction: It is a surgery to remove the clouded lens from the eye intact. It requires a large surgical incision and the lens capsule is removed at the same time, so a posterior chamber IOL cannot be implanted at the same time. Post-operative precautions: After implantation of the IOL, the following issues should be noted: 1) Thoughtfulness: Do not think that everything is fine after surgery, but strengthen observation, pay attention to whether there is pain in the operated eye, whether the IOL position is skewed or dislocated, whether there is inflammatory exudation in the anterior segment of the eye, and whether adhesions occur in the iris and pupil. After the surgery, go to the hospital once a week for examination, including visual acuity, IOL and fundus. 1 month later, follow the doctor’s instructions and review regularly. 2, 3 months after surgery should avoid strenuous exercise, especially low head movement, avoid overexertion and prevent cold. 3. Use hormonal and antibiotic eye medications several times a day for 1 month after surgery, and use weak pupil-dilating eye medications as prescribed by your doctor to prevent pupil adhesions. For long-term full use of hormonal eye medication, attention should be paid to the intraocular pressure to avoid hormonal glaucoma. 4.Keep the bowel movement smooth, eat less stimulating food, avoid smoking and alcohol, and eat more fruits and vegetables. 5, 3 months after surgery should go to the hospital routine examination, and refractive examination, refractive changes can be corrected by optometry and prescription. Generally, you can work and study normally after 1 month.