Patients and their families are often confused when they hear such a diagnosis, what exactly is a cerebral or intraspinal vascular malformation? First of all, the term “malformation” refers to abnormalities in various tissues and organs during the developmental process that affect certain physiological functions. According to this concept, a “vascular malformation” in the brain or spinal canal is an abnormality in the vascular tissues of the brain or spinal canal at some point during embryonic development, which is structurally and functionally different from that of a normal person and causes a certain amount of dysfunction, which may lead to a series of diseases. The structure of the circulatory system of the normal brain and spinal cord should be similar to that of most organs in the body, with large arteries branching through several levels, the smallest micro-arteries passing through capillaries and micro-veins connected within the brain or spinal cord tissues, and then converging at multiple levels to form large veins that eventually converge into intracranial venous sinuses or the venous plexus within the spinal canal. The microarteries and microvenules regulate the flow of blood into the tissues by regulating the size of the outlets and inlets, while the capillaries are the sites where the tissues use the oxygen and nutrients within the blood to perform their metabolism. Cerebral and intravertebral vascular malformations occur after the microarteries and confluent venous sinuses (or intravertebral plexus) These structural abnormalities cause impairment of blood entry and/or exit into the brain and spinal cord tissues, which may result in clinical symptoms such as hemorrhage, seizures, and limb dysfunction. Conceptually, vascular malformations in the brain or spinal canal are supposed to be congenital and, therefore, have a higher incidence in adolescents. However, in clinical practice, we generally refer to acquired structural abnormalities of the blood vessels that are similar in structure to congenital vascular malformations, such as those caused by trauma, as “vascular malformations”. Depending on the structure of the vascular malformation, cerebral vascular malformations can be classified as: cerebral arteriovenous malformations, venous malformations, capillary dilation, varicose veins, cavernous hemangiomas, aneurysmal malformations of the large veins of the Galen brain, dural arteriovenous fistulas, and carotid-cavernous sinus fistulas. The latter two are currently considered acquired vascular anomalies and can be caused by trauma, aneurysm, and inflammation. Cerebrovascular malformations are the most frequent of intracranial disorders and are the most disabling, especially in adolescent patients; intravertebral vascular malformations, although not frequent, have a high disability rate. In recent years, with the application of neurointerventional treatment, microsurgery and stereotactic radiotherapy, especially the development of neurointerventional treatment technology, the diagnosis and treatment of these diseases have made great progress.