The high incidence of venous thromboembolism (VTE) after major orthopedic surgery is one of the leading causes of perioperative mortality in patients and an important cause of unintended death in hospitals. Effective prophylaxis for patients undergoing major orthopedic surgery not only reduces the risk of VTE and patient suffering, but has also been shown in numerous pharmacoeconomic studies to reduce healthcare costs. Venous thrombosis prophylaxis is routinely performed in patients undergoing major orthopedic surgery. Basic preventive measures include the following: 1. basic preventive measures: elevate the affected limb after surgery to prevent deep vein reflux obstruction; routinely educate patients about venous thrombosis, encourage patients to turn over regularly, early functional exercise, get out of bed, do deep breathing and coughing; moderate intraoperative and postoperative rehydration, drink more water to avoid dehydration; quit smoking and alcohol, and control blood sugar and lipids. 2.Physical preventive measures: intermittent inflatable compression devices for lower limb veins; gradient pressure elastic stockings for lower limbs. 3, drug preventive measures: direct Xa coagulation factor inhibitor: rivaroxaban, easy to apply, oral once/day, less interaction with drugs and food. Compared with low molecular weight heparin, it can significantly reduce the occurrence of venous thrombosis and does not increase the risk of bleeding. A combination of basic prophylaxis, physical prophylaxis and pharmacological prophylaxis should be used for patients at high risk of VTE.