Staged treatment of acetabular dysplasia

Early stage Patients in this stage often feel easy fatigue of the hip joint, hip joint soreness, mild pain, or unequal length of the lower limbs and limp gait, without obvious hip joint lesions. The purpose of treatment in this stage is to prevent the development of hip joint to the direction of subluxation or dislocation. The patient should be advised to reduce the load on the affected hip, avoiding too heavy physical labor and too strenuous activities. Surgery can be considered to change the direction of the acetabulum and increase the coverage of the acetabulum to prevent or delay the progression to the middle and late stages. In the middle stage, the pain of the hip worsens, and the joint becomes subluxated or dislocated with mild osteoarthritis. The aim of treatment is to reduce pain, tighten the joint capsule and increase the stability of the joint. Commonly used surgical procedures: Chiari pelvic osteotomy and acetabular capping. Late stage The pain of the affected hip is further aggravated, with pain at rest and worsening of claudication, combined with severe osteoarthritis and obvious limitation of joint function. Most of the articular cartilage is destroyed, the subchondral bone is exposed, the joint space is narrowed or disappeared, the osteosclerosis is more serious, accompanied by cystic degeneration, the joint space is filled with a large amount of fibro-soft tissues, and a large number of bony encumbrances are formed at the acetabular rim (non-weight-bearing area). The femoral head is flattened or even collapsed. Total hip replacement is the most appropriate treatment option at this stage. In the treatment of adult acetabular dysplasia, the severity of the lesion varies greatly from patient to patient, from the slightest acetabular shallowness to severe total dislocation causing high hip riding; at the same time, secondary osteoarthritis of the hip joint, due to the abnormal development of the acetabulum, resulting in significantly more difficult to rebuild the acetabulum. In addition, the pathologic changes in the hip joint and its surrounding soft tissues and femur further increase the complexity of THR.