Acute monocytic leukemia is the M5 type of the FAB classification. Common causes of acute leukemia include chemicals, viral infections, drugs, genetic factors, and a number of diseases that can transform into acute leukemia. After the diagnosis of acute monocytic leukemia is confirmed, prognostic stratification is performed based on blood and bone marrow routines, cytogenetics, molecular genetics, and other relevant tests.
The prognosis is good, intermediate, and poor, depending on chromosomal and genetic abnormalities. The prognosis is good, and it is possible to cure with chemotherapy alone, starting with induction of remission therapy, commonly used regimens such as DA regimen, IA regimen, HAD regimen, etc. After remission is achieved by induction of remission, maintenance therapy is followed by high-dose cytarabine or cytarabine in combination with other chemotherapeutic agents.
For the poor prognosis type M5, complete remission with chemotherapy followed by hematopoietic stem cell transplantation may be curative.