Children and adolescents at the dawn of life are an important and beautiful stage in their lives, and it is also an important period for them to grow in knowledge and body. While receiving basic education in school, students should also receive health education, and oral health education is an important part of the body. Students should be given oral health knowledge, establish a new concept of oral health, know practical and effective ways to prevent oral diseases and maintain oral health, and be able to obtain the correct school oral health care, consciously establish beneficial oral health behavior, and lay a solid foundation for lifelong oral health.
First, why is the oral health of children and adolescents the foundation of lifelong oral health?
There are the following reasons.
1, children and adolescents are in an important period of oral health care, elementary school students are in the period of permanent tooth eruption, milk teeth are replaced in turn, is the main period of development of children’s jaw bone and dental arch, this period is directly related to whether the teeth can be aligned neatly, whether there is malformation and whether the normal relationship between permanent teeth can be established.
Preventing the occurrence of caries or early detection and treatment of caries, maintaining the integrity of the teeth, and reducing the chance of getting caries and periodontal disease in adults, can be said to be lifelong benefits.
It is very important to remove the plaque and tartar thoroughly and keep the periodontal tissue healthy to prevent the tooth loss of periodontitis in the future.
Second, why is primary and secondary school an important place for oral health care for children and adolescents?
1, need to conduct a comprehensive investigation and analysis of the oral health status of children and adolescents, and then implement the corresponding oral health service programs, such as treatment plans, prevention programs, and can track the observation, monitoring and evaluation.
2, children and adolescents in primary and secondary schools during the organization and management, basic education can not be missing oral health knowledge and intervention of unhealthy behavior, is the best time to establish oral health behavior.
3, the world’s three tasks of oral health care in schools are
(1) Oral health service: establish students’ oral health card, regular examination and planned treatment.
(2) Prevention of caries, gingivitis and other diseases.
(3) Oral health education, increase oral health knowledge and cultivate good oral health behavior.
Third, what are the new concepts of oral health care for children and adolescents?
1.Establish the new concept of “healthy teeth can accompany a lifetime”.
With the progress of modern dentistry, reasonable oral public health policy and measures, sound and systematic oral health education, effective preventive measures, good self oral health care habits, and regular oral examination, many people have said goodbye to the pain of tooth loss caused by caries and periodontal disease, and enjoy a healthy set of teeth for life.
For example, in the United States, where tap water fluoridation was first introduced in the world, the proportion of edentulous jaws among the elderly aged 65-74 was reduced by half in the 20 years from 1950 to 1970. Regular health care and effective oral self-care measures have successfully prevented periodontal diseases from attacking the dental and jaw systems, making it a reality for millions of people to get healthy teeth and enjoy healthy teeth throughout their lives, so that the elderly can get a healthy smile, face life, taste life and enjoy life. But all this must be done from childhood.
2, understand the importance of “maintain a good dental alignment throughout life”.
A good and healthy dental row is a row of teeth formed by 14 teeth in the upper jaw and 14 teeth in the lower jaw, excluding wisdom teeth, a total of 28 teeth, except for congenital loss. The teeth in a complete dental row are in order, and the teeth are closely supported by each other to prevent diseases. If individual teeth are lost due to caries or periodontal disease, the supporting role between teeth will change and the gap between teeth will become bigger, which will lead to embedded food, not easy to clean, and increase the chance of caries and periodontal disease. Clinically, it is common that the loss of one tooth causes the continuous loss of neighboring teeth.
3.Filled teeth (i.e. well-filled) cannot be compared with healthy teeth.
It is not possible to reduce the occurrence of caries simply by increasing the rate of filling and treatment of caries, because the secondary caries of filled teeth often occurs, and the risk of retreatment is also great, and finally leads to the loss of teeth, and the teeth with good filling still belong to the range of caries and cannot be compared with healthy teeth.
4.Regular examination is necessary to maintain oral health.
Modern dentistry can prevent and treat the common oral diseases, but it is necessary to establish the habit of regular check-ups, early detection, early treatment and early prevention.
IV. Characteristics of caries and periodontal diseases in children and adolescents
The purpose of understanding the characteristics of the disease is to take different preventive measures to reduce the occurrence of caries and periodontal disease, and to control the development of these two diseases and the resulting tooth loss.
All people will be affected by caries in their life, but the disease and the type of disease are different, the characteristics of caries in children and adolescents are
The average caries (the average number of untreated carious teeth, treated teeth and lost teeth due to caries) in 12 years old age group is 1.03, and the average caries is more than 1.5 only in Guangdong Province, and the caries rate is 45.8%; the average caries in 15 years old age group is 1.42, and the caries rate in 18 years old age group is 52.4%. The caries rate is 1.60 in 18 years old group.
2.In the age group of 12 years old, 90.3% of permanent teeth caries are sulcus caries and 9.7% are smooth surface caries, that is to say, 9 out of 10 teeth caries are sulcus caries and only 1 is smooth surface caries. The methods of prevention are different for two different types of caries, so they should be distinguished.
Most of the caries in children and adolescents are not treated by filling, and only 11% of caries in 12 years old group are treated by filling.
4.The four six teeth and the second permanent molar of the lower jaw are most vulnerable to caries, and the caries of the above six teeth accounts for 89% of the caries in the age group of 12 years old and 78% of the caries in the age group of 18 years old.
5. The above six teeth account for 69% (12 years old age group) and 78% (18 years old age group) of the teeth lost due to caries, only the lower jaw two six teeth account for 65% (12 years old age group) and 61% (18 years old age group) of the teeth lost due to caries, can prevent the occurrence of the above six teeth caries, can effectively control the teeth lost due to caries.
Periodontal disease prevalence and characteristics.
1.The periodontal health condition is very poor, when examining periodontal, 28 teeth were divided into 6 sections, and the number of people with all 6 sections healthy decreases with age, 31% of people with all 6 sections healthy in 12 years old age group, 22% in 15 years old, 15% in 18 years old.
2. The detection rate of tartar was high, 52% in the age group of 12 years, 68% in the age group of 15 years, and 78% in the age group of 18 years.
3. The brushing rate was not low, but the effectiveness was poor. People have little knowledge of periodontal health, and adolescents have more knowledge of oral health than middle-aged and elderly people.
Prevention of periodontal disease is very important to maintain the oral health of adults, but prevention of periodontal disease should start from childhood, know the knowledge of periodontal disease and learn how to brush teeth effectively, establish the behavior of maintaining periodontal health and form a habit, because periodontal health needs to be maintained from childhood without interruption.
V. How to protect dental health
Caries and periodontal disease are the two most common diseases that cause tooth loss.
The main cause of tooth loss before the age of 30 is caries, because the caries rate in China is low, the per capita tooth loss in the age group of 35-44 is only 0.9. The main disease causing tooth loss after the age of 30 is periodontal disease. Therefore, the average number of teeth lost in the elderly is 10. Although the time period of tooth loss caused by these two diseases is different, from the point of view of prevention, both of them should be started from childhood. It is not only to prevent caries before 30 years old, but also to prevent periodontal disease after 30 years old.
It is necessary to take care of oral health throughout your life and to prevent caries and periodontal diseases. It is necessary to learn how to take care of oral health by yourself and to know how to seek help from dentists if necessary. Remember the following phrases, and know their meaning, and practice them consciously.