The doctor told her that she had severe cervical erosion and needed surgery. The horrible diagnosis really made Xiao Mei cry in pain. In fact, if you face the disease of the cervix correctly, including diagnosis and treatment, you will find that it is not terrible. The cervix is part of the uterus, it is exposed to the top of the female vagina, unclean intercourse and inappropriate vaginal medication can affect the health of the cervix, however, it is also because of its anatomical peculiarities that gynecologists can observe it with the naked eye during gynecological examinations and can take exfoliated cells and biopsies for a clear diagnosis. The part of the cervical canal that connects to the vaginal wall is called the vaginal part of the cervix and is covered with squamous epithelium, which is usually called the smooth part, while the part of the cervical canal that connects to the lining of the uterine cavity upwards is covered with columnar epithelium, which is usually called the erosion area, because it looks like erosion to the naked eye, but not true erosion formed by epithelial shedding and ulceration. Currently, the term cervical erosion has been abandoned in Western countries and is instead referred to as cervical columnar epithelial ectasia. The junction of squamous epithelium and columnar epithelium forms the squamocolumnar junction, which can change periodically with age and hormonal influence, and is also a good site for cervical cancer. It can be seen that the size of the erosion area does not represent the severity of the inflammation. For women of reproductive age, we advocate annual gynecological screening, one of the most important tasks is cancer prevention examination of cervical exfoliated cells. It can be seen that the key to cervical disease lies in screening, in early detection and diagnosis of cervical malignant tumors and precancerous lesions, and only with a clear diagnosis can effective measures be applied. Studies have found that cervical cancer is an infectious tumor and is now clearly related to human papillomavirus (HPV) infection, which is divided into high-risk and low-risk types, with high-risk types being necessary to cause cervical cancer. However, there is no need to be afraid, as HPV infection in the cervix takes a “long” time to develop into cervical invasive cancer, before going through the process of cervical precancer and carcinoma in situ, so we have enough time to intervene and interrupt during this period. As mentioned above, cervical disease is prevention. Women of childbearing age who have sex, like Xiao Mei, can rule out malignant lesions through routine gynecological examination, cervical smear, HPV-DNA (high-risk) test, colposcopy, cervical biopsy, etc., and treat and follow up with targeted treatment under the guidance of doctors to kill cervical cancer in the cradle, which is also the goal of our obstetricians and gynecologists. This is also a great cause for our obstetricians and gynecologists and women to work together to reduce the incidence of cervical cancer.