Minimally invasive surgery for kidney stones is performed by implanting a lumpectomy (e.g., nephroscope, ureteroscope, laparoscope) to create an artificial channel to remove the stone or by using a laser to fragment the stone and then relying on the patient to expel it on their own. There are two types of minimally invasive surgery for kidney stones: one is ureteroscopic laser lithotripsy and the other is percutaneous nephrolithotripsy. Percutaneous nephrolithotomy: Percutaneous nephrolithotomy for stone extraction is performed under X-ray or ultrasound positioning, through the skin and subcutaneous tissue to the kidney cortex, establishing a puncture channel, and then gradually expanding along the puncture channel to obtain an artificial surgical channel, opening an incision of about 1 cm on the kidney to find stones, and finally using ultrasound, laser, and pneumatic ballistic to crush stones, and removing them under the nephrolithoscope or relying on patients to expel them by themselves after surgery. Ureteroscopic surgery: The ureteroscope is placed retrogradely into the renal pelvis through the natural channel of the human body, that is, the urethra, guided by a guide wire and a mirror sheath, while probing each renal calyx for stones and using a laser to crush the stones, and then relying on the patient to expel the stones himself. Both procedures have their advantages and disadvantages. Minimally invasive surgery is becoming more and more widely used in clinical practice because of its minimal damage, quick recovery and short hospital stay.