The existence of H. pylori is not new to us. In clinical practice, many patients with gastric disease are found to have H. pylori, and some people without digestive symptoms are also found to have H. pylori infection during routine medical examinations. What is H. pylori? What are the effects of its presence on the human digestive system? What should I do if I am infected with H. pylori? First, we need to know what H. pylori is. Helicobacter pylori (Hp) is a Gram-negative, microaerobic bacterium that has been of interest to physicians at home and abroad since it was isolated from gastroscopic biopsies of patients with chronic gastritis by Nobel Laureates in Physiology and Medicine, Warren and Marshall, in 1979, and has been found in many studies Hp infection is globally distributed and is an important pathogenic factor in chronic gastritis and gastroduodenal ulcer, and is closely related to gastric cancer and lymphoma of gastric mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue, which has been classified as a class I pathogenic factor by the World Health Organization. Therefore, in clinical practice, treatment was once given when H. pylori was seen to be positive. However, with the development of medical treatment and more in-depth research on H. pylori, it has been found that 50% of the world’s population carries H. pylori, and in some regions even 80% of people carry these bacteria. However, only 10 percent of carriers develop peptic ulcers and only about 1 percent develop stomach cancer. And in some countries, the carriage rate of H. pylori is very high, but the incidence of gastric cancer in people there is very low. So two points can be summarized: 1. the infection rate among Hp population is very high; 2. it is not necessarily that Hp infection will bring health problems. Do we really want to get rid of H. pylori? Many studies have shown the possible protective effect of H. pylori on the human body, and some studies have reflected the problems that can occur after eradication: more than 50% of patients experience adverse reactions in eradication; about 20% chance of eradication failure; changes in intestinal flora after eradication may have long-term health effects; and the use of antibiotics increases the risk of drug-resistant bacteria development. Even, some clinical patients cannot tolerate PPI and experience the side effect of high gastric acidity after stopping the drug, which aggravates the symptoms of acid reflux. Therefore, it is necessary to understand under what circumstances Hp needs to be treated According to the fourth national consensus report on the management of H. pylori infection, the recommended indications and recommended intensity for Hp eradication are as follows: Life precautions: 1. To change the way of eating, it is advisable to choose the meal sharing system or use communal chopsticks 2.To drink boiled water instead of raw water, eat cooked food instead of raw food, and milk should be sterilized before drinking. 3, experimental evidence, ulcer patients and people kissing, but also the risk of spreading the disease, should be vigilant. 4, to develop good hygiene habits, to wash their hands before and after meals. Often used tableware must also be strictly disinfected. 5. Do not put cleaning products such as toothpaste in the bathroom, but put them in a ventilated place. Conclusion Hp has been symbiotic with humans for a long time (about 58,000 years) and is also a member of the normal stomach flora. Exploring the simple linear relationship between digestive tract diseases and Hp will not yield satisfactory results, and we should also make more efforts to explore the integrated factors of the occurrence of digestive tract diseases. Therefore, when we face Hp infection, we should not be afraid of it and then kill it, but should make a more reasonable judgment in the context of individual digestive diseases and systemic conditions, and the continuous medical progress will give us better answers about Hp intervention. We may be able to shift the treatment of H. pylori from eradication to prevention – that is, maintaining a normal GI flora, identifying low or no pathogenic strains of H. pylori as a vaccine, and maintaining a healthy diet and lifestyle to prevent H. pylori infection.