In a scientific sense, epilepsy surgery, like any other surgery, is not 100% safe. The safety of any treatment is relative, and we cannot talk about the risks without the efficacy. At present, the preoperative examination is quite perfect, the surgical instruments are quite sophisticated, the risk of surgery is quite small, the chance of postoperative bleeding and infection is less than 1%, and it is curable; the chance of reversible limb weakness in the early postoperative period is less than 0.5%. In addition, it is important to recognize that, like chemotherapy for tumors, all current antiepileptic drugs are not specific and act on other normal brain cells in addition to the brain cells that cause seizures, and only epileptogenic surgery is a treatment that specifically targets epileptogenic foci. The most important question is whether epilepsy can be completely cured. Unfortunately, because epilepsy is a chronic functional brain disorder caused by multiple causes, and there is no treatment in the world that can reverse this damage, it is difficult to achieve a complete cure for most epilepsy, and complete cure is only possible in cases where the epileptogenic focus is very limited and located in a non-important functional area that can be properly removed, but in fact, most epileptic patients have a wide range of epileptogenic areas and In fact, most patients with epilepsy have extensive epileptogenic zones and important functions that cannot be removed at will. Of course, there are some children with benign epilepsy that are age-related self-limiting disorders, which themselves have a good prognosis and can heal on their own as they grow older. In general, the goal of either antiepileptic drug or surgical treatment is to effectively control the symptoms of seizures, minimize further damage to the brain from recurrent seizures, and work to restore normal learning, work and life and maximize quality of life. Most epileptic patients respond well to antiepileptic drugs and can get remission of their epilepsy, but only a few of them can stop having seizures after phasing out the drugs. For patients with epilepsy that is not well controlled by medication, surgical treatment can provide relief, but most people still need to continue to take appropriate amounts of antiepileptic drugs after surgery. It is irrational and unscientific to pursue the degree of resection of the epileptogenic zone without regard to the postoperative neurological status. Preoperative evaluation of epilepsy A detailed preoperative evaluation is performed before epilepsy surgery. First of all, the doctor should ask the patient himself and his relatives for detailed information about the seizure history and medication, etc. It is clear that medication is indeed ineffective for intractable epilepsy. Then video EEG monitoring is performed. Video EEG is performed while the patient is hospitalized. Real-time video recording of the patient while recording the EEG can be performed for 24 hours or even days to record the patient’s natural seizures so that the seizure performance and where the seizure discharges start during the seizure can be objectively analyzed. Another routine test is a high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan, which can detect small lesions in the brain, but epilepsy surgery is different from general brain surgery in that the lesions shown on the MRI are not necessarily the ones causing the epilepsy. Sometimes these tests are not sufficient, and electrodes may need to be placed directly on the surface of the brain and deep within the brain for EEG recording to determine this. Other tests such as SPECT and PET are also useful in some complex cases. Therefore, the preoperative examination may vary from case to case. At present, our hospital has hardware comparable to those of developed countries in Europe and the United States in the preoperative evaluation of epilepsy, such as long-range video EEG monitoring equipment, high-resolution MRI, PETCT, etc. The Epilepsy Center has accumulated considerable successful experience in the surgical treatment of epilepsy.