“Osteoarthrosis is a chronic joint disease characterized by localized degeneration of articular cartilage, exposure of subchondral bone, formation of bone spurs at the joint edges, joint deformity, and dense subchondral bone. It is more common in people over 50 years of age, and is more common in women than men. The cause is not clear, but it is thought to be mainly related to aging and obesity. It may also be related to excessive joint activity (e.g., frequent strenuous joint activity, field exploration, etc.), joint trauma, genetics, intraosseous hypertension, osteoporosis, and metabolic and endocrine abnormalities. Pathology Degeneration occurs first in the cartilage, causing changes in the cartilage composition, resulting in a decrease or even loss of cartilage elasticity. The load-bearing cartilage surface changes from a normal smooth state to a ragged cotton wool state, with the subchondral bone exposed, and due to constant friction, the bone surface becomes smooth and ivory-like bone, while the non-load-bearing cartilage surface appears to repair, new bone is formed, and bone spurs are formed at the joint edge. In addition the entire course of the disease involves the ligaments, joint capsule, synovial membrane and periarticular muscles, ultimately leading to joint pain and loss of function. The disease can occur in all joints of the body, but it is more likely to occur in the knee and hip joints, the spine, and the finger joints, which are heavily weight-bearing. Knee and hip joint lesions are particularly common. Osteoarthrosis of the knee Osteoarthrosis of the knee is a common benign lesion that occurs in older women. Especially in postmenopausal women, the decline in hormone levels and the onset of osteoporosis cause accelerated cartilage degeneration, while previous cartilage damage and wear and tear expose the subchondral bone, resulting in pain. The knee joint is divided into three “compartments” or “sub-joints”: the patellofemoral joint, the medial tibiofemoral joint, and the lateral tibiofemoral joint. Osteoarthrosis begins with osteoarthrosis of the patellofemoral joint (also called “chondromalacia patellae” in the early stages of the disease), which usually results in wear and tear of the patellofemoral cartilage, exposure of the subchondral bone, sclerosis, and peripheral osteophytes, followed by further degeneration of the femoral talocrural cartilage, followed by degeneration of the medial or lateral tibiofemoral joint. This is followed by degeneration of the medial or lateral tibiofemoral joint. Therefore, in the early stages of osteoarthrosis, the first thing that occurs is pain in the knee joint when walking up and down stairs or squatting. This is followed by pain in the joint when walking on a flat surface. Treatment For osteoarthrosis of the knee, treatment is based on a stepwise approach. In the first stage, for occasional discomfort in the knee, the first treatment required is conservative treatment, which can pay attention to increasing rest, reducing weight-bearing activities of the joint, applying heat and physical therapy around the joint, keeping warm, and the pain and other symptoms will improve. In the second stage, for patients whose first conservative treatment is ineffective, on the basis of the first physical therapy (1) add oral non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, such as “Fotarine, Fenbid”, etc., (2) topical anti-inflammatory and pain-relieving ointments or creams, and can also be combined with some meridian-clearing Chinese medicine; (3) in addition, we can supplement the treatment with cartilage nutritional glucosamine capsules; (4) the treatment can be carried out with the help of a number of other drugs. (4) If all the above treatments are ineffective, joint cavity injection of sodium hyaluronate or sodium vitrate can be used to not only nourish the cartilage but also lubricate the joint, improve joint function and symptoms. In the third stage, patients whose quality of life is seriously affected by the failure of any of the above conservative treatments, and whose joint imaging reveals significant joint wear and deformity, may opt for joint replacement surgery. spacer. This is actually called a “membrane” replacement, not a replacement of the entire bone of the knee as it sounds like.