Hypertension is an important cause of death and disability in the population due to cerebrovascular disease, which imposes a heavy burden on individuals, families and society. Hypertension is not only a major risk factor for stroke, but also increases the risk of coronary heart disease, heart failure and kidney disorders. Because some patients with hypertension do not have obvious clinical symptoms, hypertension is also known as the “invisible killer” of human health, so it is extremely important to raise awareness of hypertension for early prevention and timely treatment.
Clinical symptoms
1.Headache
The headache is mostly in the back of the head, with persistent dull pain or throbbing pain, or even severe pain like cracking and accompanied by nausea, vomiting and other symptoms. If the headache is frequent and severe, and at the same time nausea and vomiting, it may be a signal of transformation to malignant hypertension.
2. Vertigo
Female patients appear more often and may feel it when suddenly squatting or standing up; tinnitus, ringing in both ears, lasting longer.
3, palpitations and shortness of breath
Hypertension can lead to cardiac hypertrophy, heart enlargement, myocardial infarction and cardiac insufficiency, which are all symptoms leading to palpitations and shortness of breath.
4.Insomnia
Mostly difficulty in falling asleep, early awakening, unstable sleep, easy to have nightmares, easy to wake up, which is related to cortical dysfunction and autonomic dysfunction.
5.Numbness of limbs
Numbness in the fingers and toes or skin like ants are common, and the fingers are not flexible. Numbness may also occur in other parts of the body, and there may be abnormal sensation and even hemiplegia.
A variety of complications
1. Causes cerebrovascular disease
The main complication of hypertension disease is cerebrovascular disease, especially cerebral hemorrhage. A study on the relationship between blood pressure and stroke incidence in 5456 people in Baoshan District, Shanghai showed that within 9 years of follow-up, the occurrence of cerebrovascular disease in patients with hypertension accounted for about 70% of the occurrence of cerebrovascular disease in the entire population, of which the relative risk of cerebrovascular disease in confirmed hypertension is 32 times higher than in those with normal blood pressure, and up to 9 times higher in critical hypertension.
2, cause kidney disease
Long-term hypertension can lead to small renal artery sclerosis. When the kidney function decreases, it can cause nocturia, polyuria, urine containing protein, tubular and red blood cells. As kidney function deteriorates, it even develops into hypertension-related chronic renal failure.
3.Cause sudden death
Hypertension causes left ventricular hypertrophy due to increased load on the left ventricle, which predisposes to arrhythmia and coronary artery disease, and is a high-risk factor for sudden death.
4, leading to a variety of lesions
Hypertension can also lead to a variety of pathologies in the heart, brain, kidney, eyes and blood vessels, resulting in serious life- and health-threatening complications such as left ventricular hypertrophy, congestive heart failure, aortic coarctation, chronic renal failure, vision loss and even blindness.