Post-operative precautions for hyperthyroidism

  Postoperative management 1. After surgery, fluid may be given and intravenous fluids may be administered as appropriate, with attention to preventing infusion reactions that may induce thyroid crisis. Brake the head.  2.Give necessary sedatives, analgesics and appropriate amount of antibiotics.  3.During the initial 24h, pay close attention to the patient’s breathing, pulse and blood pressure. If there is respiratory distress, check for incisional bleeding, laryngeal edema and vocal cord paralysis, remove sutures if necessary, open the incision and perform hemostasis or tracheotomy. Pay attention to the presence of choking and coughing after eating.  4. Closely observe the amount of trauma drainage fluid and its nature. If there are no special circumstances, drainage is usually removed 24-48h after surgery.  5.Continue to take compound iodine solution orally, 10 drops each time, 3/d; or propranolol, 20~40mg, orally, 3/d. Generally stop taking the drug about 7d after surgery.  6. Pay attention to the presence of numbness around the mouth and lips and extremities, and the presence of hand and foot twitching. If it occurs, take calcium lactate orally, or in emergency, inject 10ml of 10% calcium gluconate intravenously and measure blood calcium and phosphorus. If the symptoms are heavy or persistent, osteoporosis or dihydrotestosterol 0.5ml~3ml/d can be given, which can have good effect.  7. Thyroid crisis mostly occurs within 36h after surgery, and the main symptoms are rapid pulse, elevated blood pressure, hyperthermia, irritability, vomiting, watery diarrhea, delirium, and even coma. The following therapeutic measures can be taken: (1) Sedation: Valium orally or intramuscularly; hibernation drugs can also be used.  (2) cooling: ethanol rubbing bath or ice bag cold compress, ice water enema if necessary, combined with hibernation drugs.  (3) Intravenous fluids to maintain water and electrolyte balance.  (4) Oral administration of compound iodine solution 1 to 2 ml, 3 to 4/d, until the crisis disappears. In case of emergency, inject 30-50 drops of compound iodine solution (1.8-3ml) in 5% glucose saline 500-1000ml, or sodium (potassium) iodide 1-2.5g.  (5) When the situation permits, take propylthiouracil (400mg for the first time, followed by 200mg for 1/6 to 8h) or tabazol (40mg for the first time, followed by 20mg for every 6 to 8h) orally before giving iodine lh.  (6) Use anti-sympathetic drugs, such as reserpine 1~2.5mg, intramuscularly, 1/8h; propranolol 20mg, orally, 1/4h. In case of emergency, use propranolol 5mg dissolved in 25% glucose solution 20~100ml slowly by sedation or drip, if necessary, under ECG supervision.  (7) Give hydrocortisone 200-400mg, IV, or dexamethasone 10-20mg, IV, 1/d. (8) Other: give oxygen, large amount of vitamin B, drugs to prevent and control heart failure, etc.  (8) Before discharge, make vocal cord examination if necessary.