This article is based on a healthy full-term baby and describes the development of the five senses: sight, hearing, smell, touch, and taste. The development of these five senses is the same in healthy preterm infants, although it may be delayed for some time. It is important to note that preterm infants are more likely to have problems with vision and hearing. In addition, any brain damage may have an effect on these perceptions. Premature infants need to be checked for vision and hearing problems before leaving the NICU, with regular follow-up visits thereafter. Vision Newborns enjoy looking at faces, and although their vision is initially blurry, they are able to gaze at their mother’s face when they are near her breast. Within the first few hours of life, newborns are able to recognize their mother’s face from other people’s faces. Newborns can follow the light with their eyes and turn with it. However, at first babies do not have good control over their eye rotation, and their two eyes may turn separately. At first they are very nearsighted and can only see up to 25 cm (10 inches) in front of them. Your baby’s vision begins to improve after the first three months. Here are some interesting things about what newborns like to focus on: 1. they like to stare into other people’s eyes, especially their mother’s; 2. they are often attracted to bright colors and will reach for things that are colorful; 3. they like contrasts of light and dark and irregular jagged shapes; 4. they recognize and are interested in basic colors: red, blue and yellow 5. they prefer patterns, such as stripes or circles, to smooth surfaces; 6. they prefer curved rather than horizontal structures; 7. they are especially attracted to movement, and their eyes keep staring at and following a moving ball. For healthy vision development, newborns need to be able to use both eyes at the same time. If a baby has a problem with one of the eyes, then the baby’s vision may be stunted. It is very important that eye problems are identified and corrected early. Hearing While babies are still in the womb, they are already developing a keen sense of hearing. In fact, ultrasound studies have shown that babies have a startle reflex to loud noises as early as 25 weeks of gestation. Newborns are able to recognize different voices and other sounds, and they can tell which direction the sound is coming from. For example, if a small bell rings above the baby’s head, the baby will turn his head in the direction of the sound to look at the object that is making the sound. Newborns prefer to listen to human voices, especially high-pitched female voices. They generally recognize their mother’s voice immediately because it is the voice they have heard for the past nine months, albeit in a low register. After hearing their mother’s voice, babies become quiet and turn their heads to their mother’s side when she speaks. After about a week, most newborns prefer their father’s voice to other male voices. Babies like to be spoken to in a calm, soft, and emotional tone, and they can distinguish between soft, rhythmic, and angry tones. Tactile Newborns love to be immersed in their sense of touch, they love to be approached, soothed, held, stroked and gently rocked. Touch is not only important for newborns, but also for their parents. Feeding newborns and young infants without touching or holding them can affect their healthy physical and mental development. It seems that touch is not only soothing and relaxing for newborns, but also provides comfort and promotes their growth and development. Newborns like to have their skin gently stroked, and gentle touch is good for helping babies fall asleep and enhances the parent-child relationship. Gentle touch is especially beneficial for premature babies, as it can help with weight gain and make them more alert and active, leading to earlier discharge from the hospital. Taste Newborns also have a well-developed sense of taste, preferring sweet tastes to sour ones, and as they get older, their sense of taste develops further and they are able to distinguish between the different tastes of breast milk, which are determined by the mother’s diet. Sense of smell Newborns are very sensitive to the smell of their own mother and they are able to recognize the difference between the smell of their own mother and that of other women. It is not only the smell of their mother’s milk that attracts them, but also the unique smell of their own mother. Breastfed babies are more sensitive to the smell of their mothers than bottle-fed babies. This is because breastfed babies spend more time in skin-to-skin contact with their mothers than bottle-fed babies