Master Wang, 50 years old, had been feeling tired in the afternoon for nearly 2 months and had difficulty lifting his eyelids. He came to the First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University and was finally diagnosed with “thymoma combined with myasthenia gravis”. After systematic preoperative preparation, he underwent “total thymectomy + anterior mediastinum lipectomy” under complete thoracoscopy and was discharged from the hospital after the operation. Myasthenia gravis is an autoimmune disease that mainly involves acetylcholine receptors on the postsynaptic membrane of the neuromuscular junction. It is mainly characterized by partial or generalized skeletal muscle weakness and easy fatigue, with symptoms worsening after activity and decreasing after rest and cholinesterase inhibitor treatment. It can develop at any age from newborn to elderly. It is often combined with thymoma. Myasthenia gravis is characterized by daily fluctuations, worsening in the afternoon or evening after exertion and decreasing in the morning or after rest. The skeletal muscles of the body can be involved, most commonly the extraocular muscles, followed by the facial and pharyngeal muscles and the proximal muscles of the extremities. Involvement of respiratory muscles often leads to adverse consequences and is called “critical” when severe respiratory distress occurs. The most common pharmacological treatment is the application of cholinesterase inhibitors. This can temporarily improve symptoms, maintain basic life activities and buy time for further treatment. The thymus gland is the cause of myasthenia gravis and plays an important role in the development of the disease. The thymus gland mainly helps the body’s immune system before and after birth, but after puberty it gradually atrophies and its function deteriorates. In patients with myasthenia gravis, instead of degenerating, the thymus gland produces a variety of harmful antibodies, especially acetylcholine receptor antibodies. Thymectomy removes the pathological interference of the thymus with the neuromuscular junction from the source. What are the benefits of thyme excision? With the development of minimally invasive surgical techniques, thoracoscopic thymectomy for myasthenia gravis has long been a routine procedure in our hospital. The postoperative efficiency is over 90%. The incision is small and beautiful, and the treatment effect is fast. The earlier the thymus gland is removed, the faster the damage to the body is removed and the faster the patient recovers after surgery. After a long delay, the later the disease is, the slower the recovery and the poorer the post-operative outcome, so it is advisable to perform the surgery as early as possible. Zhang Shuanglin emphasized that the treatment of myasthenia gravis is a comprehensive treatment, thymectomy is the first step, and after surgery, medical treatment should be continued to consolidate the effect.