The artificial joint is one of the most important advances in the field of orthopaedic surgery in the twentieth century. It has enabled patients who used to rely on crutches for walking, or even amputation, to walk like normal people, greatly improving the quality of life. Some patients with advanced rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis with severe joint destruction have hope, and some patients who have been bedridden for a long time have regained the ability to stand and walk through surgery, partially or completely restoring their ability to take care of themselves. It is now widely used at home and abroad as a mature treatment method. At present, artificial joint replacement has become one of the main means of treating serious joint lesions and is regarded as one of the important milestones in the history of orthopaedic development in the 20th century. According to a preliminary survey in China, the incidence of rheumatoid arthritis is 0.3% and osteoarthritis is 3%. Based on the estimated population of 1.2 billion, there are 3.6 million and 36 million patients with the above two types of arthritis, respectively. Proportionally, there could be 1 million to 1.5 million osteoarthritis patients in China who need artificial joint surgery. Artificial joint replacement is very popular in Europe and the United States. In 1997, the United States, with a population of 260 million, performed 550,000 total hip and knee replacements, while China, with a population of 1.2 billion, performed only 16,000 cases in 1999. This huge contrast in numbers shows the huge potential of artificial joint replacement in China. As people live longer and society ages, the incidence of osteoarthritis is on the rise year by year, and a large percentage of these patients rely on artificial joint replacement for treatment. Osteoarthritis is the most common cause of artificial joint replacement. When the arthritis is severe, the cartilage of the joint surfaces can be severely worn and damaged, or even deformed, often resulting in pain, limited function, and difficulty walking, at which point an artificial joint is the shortest treatment option. Other diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis and ischemic necrosis of the femoral head are also often considered for artificial joint replacement in more severe cases. Subtrochanteric fractures of the femoral neck in the elderly are also indications for artificial joint replacement to avoid complications such as ischemic necrosis of the femoral head and/or non-union of the fracture in the future. In addition, after removal of periarticular tumors (benign and malignant), a long-stemmed, custom-made artificial joint prosthesis can be performed in order to reconstruct the limb for the purpose of limb preservation. The long-term results of hip replacement in patients with rheumatoid arthritis seem to be similar to those of osteoarthritis, with a general excellent rate of about 90% in 10 years, and an excellent rate of more than 85% in 15-20 years. The results of knee replacements are similar to those of hip replacements. Ankle arthroplasty is not widely performed, and prosthetic loosening develops rapidly. Although patients are generally satisfied with pain relief and functional improvement after surgery, this procedure should be used with caution. Metacarpophalangeal and metatarsophalangeal joint replacements are still more commonly performed with silicone prostheses and have more definite results, but complications (e.g., prosthesis loosening, fracture, deformity recurrence, etc.) are still common. In recent years, the results of the surface-type prosthesis are not very optimistic, mainly because of the lack of strong soft tissue around these small joints to maintain joint stability. The elbow, wrist, and shoulder joints are non-weight-bearing joints, and arthroplasty is not always necessary for most patients through synovectomy or other orthopedic surgery, as well as motion compensation between all other joints. In recent years, with the advent of joint surface replacements and new prostheses, the number of elbow joint replacement surgeries and postoperative outcomes have improved significantly. For severe comminuted fractures of the shoulder joint, shoulder arthroplasty may also be an only option. The German Gluck invented artificial hip replacement in 1891, first using a femoral head made of ivory to replace the hip joint, and Smith Peterson began using metal (cobalt alloy) for single cup hip replacement in the 1940s. The real modern use of artificial joints began with the work of John Charnley in the 1970s. Titanium metal has good biocompatibility and elastic modulus, but its anti-wear performance is poor. Therefore, domestic first developed a successful cobalt-chromium-molybdenum metal prosthesis, so that the strength and wear resistance of domestic prosthesis has been greatly improved. Since the early eighties, China has carried out the development of cementless fixed artificial joint prosthesis. In order to study the fixation of cementless bone pricing body and bone interface, in 1983, China was the first to successfully complete the metal in situ non-decalcification bone section, at that time only three countries in the world, the United States, Japan and Sweden can complete this technical operation. After repeated and rigorous experiments, the pearl-faced cementless artificial joint was successfully developed in 1984, and was widely used in China.