Leukemia is a malignant clonal disease that originates from hematopoietic stem cells, that is, a disease that results from the proliferation of primitive and naive cells in the human bone marrow that accumulate in the bone marrow and other hematopoietic tissues, inhibiting the normal hematopoietic function of the body and invading and infiltrating into the liver, spleen, lymph nodes, and other organ tissues, resulting in symptoms such as anemia, bleeding, and infection.
Leukemia is divided into lymphocytic leukemia and myeloid leukemia depending on the type of cells invaded and the course of the disease, as well as acute and chronic, but there is no distinction between congenital and acquired leukemia. By congenital do you mean the presence of genetic factors.
Treatment of leukemia has different treatment and prognosis according to different typing, in which FAB typing of acute myeloid leukemia has 8 types such as M0, M1, M2, M3, M4, M5, M6, and M7, and acute lymphoblastic leukemia is divided into 3 types such as L1, L2, and L3, while combining morphology, immunology, cytogenetics, and molecular biology, and acute leukemia is WHO typed. The treatment of acute leukemia is mainly 1. symptomatic support: anti-infection, anemia correction, hemostasis, leukocyte reduction. 2. chemotherapy 3. hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. The main treatment for chronic myeloid leukemia is 1. emergency management of hyperleukemia such as alkalinization of urine, hydration, oral hydroxyurea to reduce leukocytes and leukocyte monocytosis, etc. 2. use of molecularly targeted drugs such as imatinib in the first generation, nilotinib and dasatinib in the second generation, etc. 3. interferon and chemotherapy. 4. hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Chronic lymphocytic leukemia is mainly 1. chemotherapy such as alkylating agents, purine analogs, hormones, etc. 2. immunotherapy rituximab, alemtuzumab, etc. 3. targeted therapy ibrutinib. 4. hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.